我国奥运会金牌走向及项目分布特征研究

On Trends and Distribution of China's Gold Medals in Olympic Games

运用文献资料、数据统计、归纳比较、聚类分析方法,对我国历届夏季奥运会和冬季奥运会金牌数、金牌项目分布以及获金牌运动员特征进行了研究,结果表明:我国共获得210枚奥运金牌,其中9枚冬季奥运会金牌,201枚夏季奥运会金牌,金牌总数呈上升趋势;辽宁、广东、湖北、北京与江苏等省市位列金牌榜前五位,新疆、青海、宁夏、海南、西藏、甘肃6省未获得奥运金牌;金牌项目主要集中在跳水、举重、体操、乒乓球、羽毛球、射击和短道速滑;技能主导类项群是我国奥运金牌的主要贡献者,尤其是表现难美性项目,其金牌贡献率达到30%;奥运金牌项目的区域分布呈现出强、较强和弱3个地带,不同纬度与经度的分布差异具有统计学意义,东西部竞技实力差距明显;女子获奥运金牌数多于男子,但"阴盛阳衰"的局面已在悄然改变.

By means of literature,statistics,induction and comparison,system analysis,our country in summer and Winter Olympic Games gold medal,the gold medal project distribution and won the gold medal athlete features have been studied.The results show that China won 210 gold medals in the Olympic Games,9Olympic gold medals and 201 Olympic gold medals,the gold medal total upward trend;Liaoning,Guangdong,Hubei,Beijing and Jiangsu ranked the top five gold medals list,Xinjiang,Qinghai,Ningxia,Hainan,Tibet,Gansu six provinces is not to win an Olympic gold medal;gold projects mainly in diving,weightlifting,gymnastics,table tennis,badminton,shooting and short track speed skating;skilldominant category is the main contribution to China＇s Olympic gold medal,especially difficulty-artistic project gold medal,the contribution rate of 30%;the regional distribution of the Olympic gold medal project showing a strong,strong and weak three zones,there are significant differences in the distribution of the different latitude and longitude,the East-West competitive strength difference is obvious;the woman won the Olympic gold medal count more than men,but the＂weak＂situation quietly changed.