语用能力和语用失误分类问题的再思考

Rethinking the Classification of Pragmatic Competence and Pragmatic Failure

语用能力和语用失误是语际语语用学中的两个重要概念,其界定和分类应同语用学的分类保持一致性。根据语言实际,语用学分为结构语用学和交际语用学。也就是说,语用学的研究内容既包括上下文语境影响下的、和句法表现形式有关的语用问题,也包括在情境语境和社会文化语境影响下的语言使用和理解问题。相应的语用能力和语用失误也应该分为结构语用能力和交际语用能力,以及结构语用失误和交际语用失误,这样的分类更为完整、客观,也才能使相关理论更有解释力。

Pragmatic competence and pragmatic failure are very important conceptions in interlanguage pragmatics, and the definition and classification of them should be consistent with the classification of pragmatics. According to the linguistic facts, pragmatics is classified as structural pragmatics and communicative pragmatics, which means the research contents of pragmatics cover the problems of syntactic forms in context and the use and comprehension of the language in social environment. Therefore, pragmatic competence should be classified as structural pragmatic competence and communicative pragmatic competence, and pragmatic failure should be classified as structural pragmatic failure and communicative pragmatic failure. This classification is more objective and explanatory.