社会工作的理论范式、研究视角及其在实践中的应用

The Theoretical Paradigm and Research Perspective of Social Work, and Its Application in Practice

目前学术界有关社会工作研究的理论范式主要有实证主义、反实证主义、批判主义和后现代主义。在社会工作实践中,各种范式和方法应该是相辅相成的,社会工作研究应该遵循多元范式并存的原则。理论范式的发展融合、跨学科合作以及社会工作研究视角的多元化,使社会工作实践变得更加丰富多彩。本研究将扎根理论和行动研究具体应用到长沙市芙蓉区W社区的社会工作实例中,以获得经验理论、行动模式,并在实践中反思总结出一套独特的理论模式,最终建构一套动态的、具体的、符合实际的社会工作理论。

There are four basic theoretical paradigms in the current Sociological academic: positivism, nonpositivism, criticism and postmodernism. In social work practice, various paradigms and methods should be complementary. Research work should follow the principles of social coexistence of pluralistic paradigm. With the development of theoretical paradigm, interdisciplinary cooperation and diversification of social work research perspective, social work practice has become more colorful. In this study, we apply grounded theory and action research to the social work instance in W communities, Furong District, Changsha, in order to gain experience theory and mode of action. Then we reflected and summed up a unique theoretical model in practice. Eventually, we construct a dynamic, concrete, realistic theory of social work.