中国家庭关系和家庭教育的结构性特征与问题分析——基于华仁社会工作发展中心的家庭教育咨询案例分析

The Analysis of Structural Features and Problems of Family Relationship and Children Education in China——Based on the Cases-Study of Children Education Counseling from Hua Ren Social Work Development Center

本文以成都市锦江区华仁社会工作发展中心针对小学生、中学生及其家长或整个家庭所开展的家庭教育咨询为例,通过对共100个咨询案例、460次咨询谈话进行质性研究(案例分析),从以下七个方面阐述和分析中国家庭关系的显著特点以及家庭教育中所存在的典型问题:一是夫妻关系与子女教育;二是家长的生活工作状态、行为方式与子女教育;三是家长的心理投射、移情与子女教育;四是离异、单亲、分居和丧偶家庭中的子女教育;五是不合理的家庭关系、家庭结构和沟通模式;六是三代家庭与子女教育;七是应试制度对家庭教育的影响。分析结果显示:这些结构性特征与问题并非孤立存在,而是相互交织;许多家庭的问题和症状由多重原因导致;家庭教育的质量取决于家庭关系,而在各种家庭关系中,夫妻关系具有核心影响作用。文中所阐述的"隐性社会问题"在大多数家庭普遍存在,华仁通过尝试建立第三个教育领域"社会教育学"对家庭教育进行补充和协助、关注和应对"隐性社会问题"。

This paper takes the cases of children education counseling of Chengdu Hua Ren Social Work Development Center,which is for primary and middle school students and their parents or the whole family as examples. Through the qualitative research, the case study of 100 cases and 460 counseling conversations, it elaborates and analyzes the distinctive features of Chinese family relationship and the typical problems in children education in the following seven aspects: Husband and wife relationship and education of children;Parents' living condition and behavior and education of children;Parents' projection and transference and education of children;Education of children in divorced, separated, widowed and single parent family;Irrational family relationships, family structure and communication patterns;Three generation families and education of children;The influence of examination system on family education. The Analysis results show: These structural features and problems are not isolated,they are intertwined;Many family problems and symptoms are caused by multiple causes;The quality of children education depends on family relationship. In all kinds of family relationships, the relationship between husband and wife plays a key role. The hidden social problems described in the paper are common in most families. By trying to establish the third educational area,'Social pedagogy', which can complement and assist the family education, Hua Ren pay attention to and respond to the hidden social problems.