计及环境效益的虚拟电厂经济性优化调度

Economic Optimal Dispatch of Virtual Power Plant Considering Environmental Benefits

虚拟电厂(Virtual power plant,VPP)能有效减小新能源对电网的冲击,提高供电可靠性。本文在分析了VPP各分布式电源(Distributed generator,DG)发电成本的基础上,构建了计及环境效益的含风力发电、光伏发电、小水电和微型燃气轮机发电的VPP经济性优化调度模型,设计了基于小水电季节特性的VPP运行策略。以各时段内VPP实际出力跟踪计划出力、同时VPP发电成本和环境成本最小为目标,通过粒子群算法计算得到VPP各DG的出力。讨论了丰水期、平水期和枯水期VPP完成计划出力时微型燃气轮机出力系数,比较了丰水期、平水期和枯水期VPP发电成本和环境成本,并基于火力发电的环境成本计算了丰水期、平水期和枯水期VPP环境效益。实验结果验证了所建模型和运行策略的合理性,并表明VPP能有效平抑新能源出力偏差,降低DG发电总成本。

Virtual power plant（VPP） can reduce the impact of renewable energy sources on the grid effectively and improve the power supply reliability. On the basis of analyzing the power generation cost of the distributed generator（DG） in the VPP, a VPP economic optimal dispatch model with the environmental benefits is established, and an operation strategy of VPP based on the seasonal characteristics of small hydropower is designed. The wind power, photovoltaic, small hydropower, micro-turbine and fuel cell are included in this model. With the goal of actual output of VPP tracking planning output and minimizing generation and environmental cost of VPP in each period, the output power of the DG in the VPP is obtained by the particle swarm algorithm. The output coefficient of micro-turbine in high, normal and low water period when VPP completes the output plan is discussed. The generation and environmental costs of VPP in high, normal and low water period are compared. And the environmental benefits of VPP in high, normal and low water period based on the environmental cost of thermal power generation is calculated. The simulation results prove the rationality of the established model and the designed strategy, and show that VPP can stabilize the output deviation of renewable energy sources and reduce the total cost of DG effectively.