不同锻炼方式对中老年女性健身功效的比较

Comparative Research on the Effects of Different Exercises on the Fitness of Middle-aged and Old Women

目的:探讨太极拳、健身走和广场舞对中老年女性的健身功效。方法:以万州老年大学60名女学员为研究对象,进行为期16周的实验锻炼,在锻炼前、后分别测试受试者的身体成分、身体素质和血脂指标。结果:(1)身体成分指标中,3组锻炼者的体重、身体脂肪量(MBF)和体重指数(BMI)均有非常显著下降(P<0.01),健身走组和广场舞组受试者的去脂肪软体重及体脂百分比(PBF)均有极显著下降(P<0.01),太极拳组受试者的PBF下降显著(P<0.05);(2)身体素质指标中,太极拳组的握力、背力、坐位体前屈实验均非常显著提高(P<0.01),腿力有显著增加(P<0.05),选择反应时有显著下降(P<0.05);健身走组的腿力提高显著(P<0.01);广场舞组的握力、坐位体前屈均有非常显著提高(P<0.01);(3)血脂指标中,3组受试者的血清总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-c)均非常显著下降(P<0.01),高密度脂蛋白(HDL-c)有非常显著性升高(P<0.01);广场舞组的TG下降非常显著(P<0.01),健身走组的甘油三脂(TG)显著下降(P<0.05)。结论:3种锻炼方式均有良好的健身效果,不同锻炼方式其健身效果的侧重点也有所不同,但3组之间横向比较无显著差异。

Objective ：The purpose of this study is to discuss the fitness effects of tai chi, fitness walking and square dance on middle aged and old women. Methods ：60 female students of Wanzhou Senior-Citizen University were selected as the subjects. Experimental exercises were carried on for 16 weeks. Body composition,body function and blood lipid indexes were tested before and after the exercises. Result ：（1）As for body composition, weight, MBF and BMI of the three groups decreased significantly after the exercises（P〈0.01）. PBF of the fitness walking and square dance groups decreased apparently（P〈0.01）. PBF of tai chi group also decreased evidently（P〈0.05）.（2）As for physical function, grip strength, back strength and standard sit-and-reach of the tai chi group improved significantly（P〈0.01）. Leg strength improved evidently（P〈0.05）. And the choice reaction time decreased apparently（P〈0.05）. The leg strength of the fitness walking group improved significantly（P〈0.01）. The grip strength and sit-and-reach of the square dance group improved greatly（P〈0.01）.（3） As for blood lipid, TC and LDL-c of the three groups decreased greatly（P〈0.01） and HDL-c increased significantly（P〈0.01）. TG of the square dance group decreased apparently（P〈0.01）. TG of the fitness walking group also dropped evidently（P〈0.05）. Conclusion ：The three kinds of exercises all have good fitness effect. The focus of the fitness effect of the different exercise is different. But there is no significant difference between the three groups.