家禽及哺乳动物类胡萝卜素氧化酶BCMO1及BCO2研究进展

Research Advances of Carotenoids Oxidative Metabolic Enzyme BCMO1 and BCO2 in Chicken and Mammals

类胡萝卜素在人和动物体内具有重要的作用,可保护视力、增强免疫力,提高畜禽繁殖能力,是重要的着色剂,同时也是维生素A合成的必需前体。但动物本身不能从头合成类胡萝卜素,植物中的类胡萝卜素经由肠道吸收进入体内参与一系列的代谢反应。BCMO1和BCO2两个氧化酶在动物体内类胡萝卜素的代谢过程中起着至关重要的作用,类胡萝卜素氧化分解后的产物才能参与机体维生素A合成等重要生理过程。部分家鸡皮肤呈黄色也主要与表皮层的类胡萝卜素如玉米黄素、叶黄素等黄色素沉积有关。文章总结国内外相关研究的最新结果,对类胡萝卜素在自然界中的合成途径、进入动物体内的吸收代谢途径以及BCMO1和BCO2两个酶的生理功能研究进展进行综述,为更加全面地了解不同种类的类胡萝卜素在动物体内的代谢,培育健康、屠体美观、营养价值高的畜禽新品种提供参考。

Carotenoids play an important role in human and animals,which can protect eyesight, enhance immunity and improve the animal reproductive ability. Carotenoid is not only an important colorant,but also a necessary precursor of vitamin A for human and animals. However, carotenoids are not produced by animals, all of them were from the plant,and absorbed by the intestine to involve in a series of metabolic reactions in the body. BCMO1 and BCO2 play a vital role in the metabolism of carotenoids. Pigment such as zeaxanthin and lutein depositing in the skin epidermis makes yellow skin of the chicken. Due to the limited knowledge of BCMO1 and BCO2 in the past,we only know that the function of BCMO1 is the degradation of beta-carotene to provide precursors for vitamin A. Also,due to the limited knowledge of BCO2,the physiological function of this enzyme is not clear, presumably it is a compensation pathway of the degradation of beta-carotene by BCMO1. This article was a brief overview of the key advances in the field of biosynthesis pathway of carotenoid in plants, the absorption and metabolism pathway of carotenoid and the physiological functions of BCMO1 and BCO2 in animals. This review aimed at providing guidelines for new breed of livestock with healthy, beautiful and high nutritional values.