古代文章奇美的历史样态及审美特性

Historical Modality and Esthetic Feature of Literary Oddness in Ancient Essays

在古代文章批评视域中,奇崛的风格和新奇的笔法,是文章奇美的主要表现。文章尚奇有助于破除庸腐气,形成文章异彩,从而打破读者的审美惯性,取得振聋发聩的效果,使文章传播久远。文章奇美与诡晦不同,前者是作者独特境遇、心境的外在表现,具有丰厚的审美意蕴;后者不过是文字诡变,缺乏情感底蕴,毫无美感可言。文章奇美的审美特性表现为:奇而稳、奇而正、奇而法、奇而理、奇而易。这种辩证的认识,固然透露出儒家中庸思想的痕迹,但亦为文章奇美的存在奠定了基本的合理性。

In the vision of ancient Chinese literary criticism, queer styles and fancy techniques of writing are the major expressions of literary oddness. Essays that pursuit oddness tend to get rid of mediocreness and form radiant literary splendour, so that they can break with the reader＇s esthetic inertia, acquire an awakening effect and spead far and wide. Literary oddness differs from literary cunningness, for the former expresses the author＇s unique inner circumstances and mood, which is full of esthetic implication, while the latter is only the cunning wordings, which lacks emotional details and is of no sense of beauty. The features of literary oddness are odd but steady, odd but upright, odd but regulated, odd but reasonable and odd but changeable. This dialectic recognization not only shows the trace of the Confucianist doctorine of the Mean, but also lays a reasonable foundation for the raison d＇etre of literary oddness.