有效需要与残障社会福利

Effective Needs and Social Welfare of the Disabled

需要是理解和制定福利制度的关键,是社会资源分配和福利制度运作的价值基础。残障不仅会造成残障者个人的特殊需要,也会对残障者家庭带来不容忽视的额外压力。只有那些与家庭需要一致的残障个体需要才是真正的有效需要。社会福利和服务在满足残障群体需要时应秉持个别化、独立性和选择权等基本价值理念。实现残障群体需要的基本策略包括实现从以残障者个人到以其家庭为对象的政策转变,以及发展个案管理模式下鼓励自我决定的残障社会服务。

Need is the key element to understand and draw on the welfare system, also it makes up to the value basis to distribute the social resource and run conduct the social policy. The paper tried to discuss the following basic concepts and topics on needs for the disabled： the need for the disabled, the effective needs, the ethics and value in meeting the needs for the disabled, the main welfare strategies. It is mentioned that, disability and impairment mean not only the individual needs, but also the extra stress for the whole family. Only the consistent part between the individual needs and the family need are the effective needs. Individualism, independence, and right of choice make up to the primary value in social welfare and service for the disabled. What＇s more, fulfilling the transfer from the individual-oriented social policies to the family-based social welfare, and carrying out social service for the disabled in the perspective of case management and self-decision are two strategies to meeting their needs.