黑木耳遗传育种研究进展

Research Progress on Genetics and Breeding of Auricularia auricula-judae

根据相关文献资料及多年研究实践,阐述了黑木耳生活史、形态发育等遗传研究及种质多样性、品种选育等育种研究进展,并展望了今后的研究方向。介绍了很多最新研究成果:发现了黑木耳的无性孢子;不同黑木耳品种的形态发育过程相似,但是所需时间结构规格因品种而异;发现黑木耳原基的发生有"分散原基"和"集中原基"2种类型;更正了一直以来将耳片上的"皱褶"当做"脉"或"筋"的错误认识;发现出耳阻力越大,单片率越高,为"小孔"出耳提供理论依据;种质资源存在地域、朵型、皱褶、生育期等差异;发现与朵型农艺性状具有高度相关性的7条一级酶带,获得单片簇生型农艺性状预测的酯酶同工酶特征型酶谱;采用SRAP、ISSR、ITS、RAPD、SSR分子标记分析黑木耳菌株的遗传多样性,表明黑木耳遗传多样性丰富。

Basing on the relevant literature and many years of research and practice,genetic and breeding research progress of Auricularia auricula-judae was focused on. Life history,morphological development,germplasm,strain breeding and so on were included. Finally,prospects of researching Auricularia auricula-judae were also discussed. The asexual spore was found. The morphological developmental process of different strains was similar,but their time and structure were different. Its primordium was divided into two types,namely dispersive primordium and concentrated primoedium.The mistakes of fold of its tablets taken as veins or tendon was corrected. The bigger was the resistance of growing tablet,the more was the single tablet rate. The germplasm resource was different in region,form,fold and development period. The seven primary enzymes were found and were high correlation with agronomic characteristics. The esterase isoenzyme spectrum predicted of the agronomic characteristics with single tablet clustered type was got. The genetic variety of Auricularia auricula-judae was shown to be rich by the genetic variety analysis of its strains with SRAP,ISSR,ITS,RAPD,SSR molecular markers.