基于中国核桃发展战略的核桃加工业的分析与思考

Analysis and reflection on development strategy of walnut processing industry in China

核桃是世界重要坚果,位列四大干果之首,是中国重要的经济林树种。核桃果实含有丰富的营养成分,具有较好的医疗保健功能,有长寿果之美誉,特别是核桃仁含油率高达60%~70%,在中国食用油料安全方面可发挥重要作用。基于核桃的营养成分和经济价值,中国核桃种植面积每年在以10%的速度增长,目前正处在前所未有的发展阶段,预计2020年核桃种植面积将达到267万hm2,届时产量将达300万t,发展核桃加工业刻不容缓。该文阐述了核桃可加工的产品及中国核桃加工产业现状,如果每年直销70万t核桃坚果,贮藏50万t核桃鲜果,将180万t核桃坚果（即总产量的60%）用于加工,可增加利税145.1亿元,企业获纯利润128.47亿元。该文提出了中国核桃加工业应解决的10个问题：搞好顶层设计、加大政策支助、扶持加工企业、形成产业链条、实行产学研联盟、深入理论研究、研发加工机械、注重大众产品、开发高档精品、打开国际市场等。随着核桃种植业的发展,在生产大众化产品,提高质量的前提下,开发高档次精品,中国核桃加工业将有着广阔的市场前景和极大的发展空间。

Walnut is an important nut distributed throughout more than 50 countries and regions. The planting area of walnut in the whole world is 4 million hm2 and its yield is about 4 million tons so far. The planting area and yield of walnut in China are both maximum in the world, which is ranked the first among Chinese four dried fruits. Walnut is also a kind of important economic forest tree species in China. Walnut fruit contains rich nutrition such as linoleic acid, linolenic acid, protein, vitamins, minerals, and its unsaturated fatty acids content is more than 50%. Walnut has the reputation of the longevity fruit as it possesses good health care function. In particular, the oil content of walnut kernel can be up to 60%-70%, so walnut plays an important role in the safety of Chinese edible oil. Based on the walnut＇s nutritional ingredients and economic values, Chinese government has increased the development of walnut planting, and walnut is in an unprecedented stage of development and its planting area has been growing with a rate of 10% per year. By 2020, walnut area will reach 2.67 million hm2 and its yield will reach 3 million tons in China, which maybe leads to a decline of sales volume of walnut nuts, so it is urgent to develop the walnut processing industry. In this paper, Chinese walnut resource and its development strategy, walnut nutritional values, walnut processed products and Chinese walnut processing industry＇s status are described. Meanwhile, the economic benefits brought by Chinese walnut processing are analyzed. It will increase the revenue by 14.51 billion yuan and net profit by 12.85 billion yuan for enterprises if walnut can be sold 0.7 million tons, stored 0.5 million tons and processed 1.8 million tons（60% of the total production） per year. This paper presents 10 problems to be solved for walnut processing industry in China, including such aspects as increasing the policy support, improving the top-level design, implementing the industry-university-research alliance, exploiting the processing machinery, supporting the processing enterprises, forming the industrial chain, focusing on the public products, developing the high-grade products, carrying out the in-depth theoretical study, and opening the international market. Chinese walnut processing is still in the initial stage, and it is can not meet the needs of domestic and foreign markets at present. With the expansion of the planting area of walnut, it is necessary to develop the walnut processing industry. Chinese walnut processing industry will have broad market prospect and huge development space by means of developing high-grade products under the premise of improving the quality of popular production.