基于主成分分析和聚类分析的红火蚁毒腺生物碱的比较研究

Comparative studies on alkaloids secreted by vemon gland of Solenopsis invicta based on principal component analysis and cluster analysis

【目的】分析中国和美国2个入侵地红火蚁Solenopsis invicta毒腺生物碱的主要化学成分及其聚类特征.【方法】以中国广州、惠州、深圳、珠海和东莞以及美国阿拉巴马州采样地共24巢红火蚁为样本,提取各个蚁巢毒腺的生物碱流分,分别以红火蚁顺式生物碱流分中的15种生物碱和反式生物碱流分中的7种生物碱相对含量作为变量,建立2个数据矩阵,进行主成分分析和聚类分析.【结果和结论】主成分分析结果表明,将红火蚁顺式生物碱流分中的15种生物碱综合成为2个主成分因子,主要是顺式-2-甲基-6-(4'-十三烯)哌啶、2-甲基-6-(6'-十五烯)-Δ1,6-哌啶、2-甲基-6-十五烷基-Δ1,6-哌啶和顺式-2-甲基-6-十一烷基哌啶;反式生物碱流分中的7种生物碱综合成1个主成分因子,主要是反式-2-甲基-6-(4'-十三烯)哌啶和反式-2-甲基-6-(6'-十五烯)哌啶.顺式生物碱流分的聚类分析可以将美国种群与中国种群区分开来,而反式生物碱流分不能.

【Objective】 To analyze the major components and cluster features of alkaloids, which are secreted by vemon gland of red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta, from China and USA.【Method】 Twenty four colonies of S. invicta were collected from Guangzhou, Huizhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Dongguan of China and Alabama of USA. Alkaloids of vemon gland were extracted. Two data matrix were established with variable of relative contents of 15 kinds of cis-alkaloids and 7 kinds of trans-alkaloid respectively. The alkaloid fraction was analyzed by principal component analysis and cluster analysis.【Result and conclusion】The results showed that the 15 types of alkaloids from the cis-alkaloid fraction were consolidated into two principal components, including cis-2-methyl-6-（4′-tridecenyl）piperidine, 2-methyl-6-（6′-pentadecenyl）-Δ^1,6piperidine, 2-methyl-6-pentadecyl-Δ^1,6piperidine and cis-2-methyl-6-undecylpiperidine seven types of alkaloids from the trans-alkaloid fraction were consolidated into one principal component, including trans-2-methyl-6-（4′-tridecenyl）piperidine and trans-2-methyl-6-（6′-pentadecenyl）piperidine. The results of cluster analyses demonstrate that alkaloids from the cis-alkaloid fraction can distinguish the USA populations from the Chinese populations, but alkaloids from the trans-alkaloid fraction can not.