《大上海都市计划1946-1949》——近代中国大都市的现代化愿景与规划实践

GREATER SHANGHAI PLANS(1946-1949): PLANNING VISIONS AND PRACTICE OF A MODERN CHINESE METROPOLIS

以1946-1949年间大上海都市计划的编制实践为研究对象,将其置于国家与城市的社会经济及制度的历史宏观发展背景之中,从科技史和人物史的角度,综述了大上海都市计划在短短4年间先后经历了抗日战争结束、国民政府战后全面接管及重建、国共内战、金融和社会秩序混乱直至上海解放的整体工作过程和主要成果,以及其核心工作人员在此过程中对国家民族和个人命运的思考,对上海未来现代化愿景的描绘和执着追求——这一以海归为主的新兴的专业技术精英团体在1940年代中后期对都市计划的性质、作用及其对城市发展作用方式的认识,在现实的约束下对现代规划技术方法、理念进行的选择与调整,对重大城市发展问题的论争。该事件对于当代中国城市规划发展的影响,则有待于进一步的分析与评价。

Based on archival research, this paper provides a holistic picture for the making of the Greater Shanghai Plans from 1946 to 1949, putting it in the context of great national and urban socio- economic change. It was started as the efforts of Nationalist postwar reconstruction after the end of the World War II, experienced the outbreak of the Civil War, and was completed after the People＇s Liberation Army entered Shanghai in May 1949. From the perspectives of planning history as well as the history of social elites, the paper not only examines the comprehensive planning procedure and its main achievements, but also focuses on how modern urban planning theories, methodology, and concepts were selected and introduced into Shanghai in the 1940s by a group of modernist architects and engineers, an emerging social class of professionals who mostly received their higher education in the West but was faced with the challenges of China catching up or even exceeding the West in the future development. Debates on key urban development issues were introduced to shed a light on the import of foreign ideas to make it suitable for local conditions. The evaluation of its impacts on China＇s contemporary planning discipline, however, would need further research efforts.