美国州级露天采矿的综合管理与环境保育策略分析——对美国加州《露天采矿管理与复垦法》的解读

State-level Integrated Management and Environmental Conservation Strategies of Surface Mining in the U.S.A.

美国重视控制露天采矿对环境的影响。从矿业权主体获取露天采矿许可的义务设计,到中间环节的监督管理及后期矿区复垦,都设定了严格的环境保护及污染防控措施。采矿管理与其他资源管理或县市规划区的空间协调,有效地避免了露天采矿与资源保护、环境保育和社会发展之间的矛盾。本文解读了美国加州《露天采矿管理与复垦法》关于露天采矿活动和矿区复垦不同环节的管理和规定,希望为我国当前处于简政放权和"多规合一"转型期中的矿产管理、部门职能整合及可持续发展提供借鉴。

The U.S.A. attaches great importance to controlling the impact of surface mining on environment, and has established strict measures for environmental protection and pollution prevention and control in obligation design for acquisition of a surface mining license by an object of mining right, supervision and management of the intermediate links and late land reclamation of mining areas. The spatial coordination between mining management and other resource management or county- and city-level planned zones in the U.S.A. effectively avoids the contradiction between surface mining and resource protection, environmental conservation and social development. This paper decodes the regulations and provisions on different links of surface mining activities and land reclamation of mining areas in California Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act, in order to provide a reference for the mineral resource management, department function integration and sustainable development in the current transition period of streamlining administration, delegating the power and multiple planning integration in China.