蒙古扁桃药材不同提取物对高脂血症大鼠血脂、脂质过氧化和肝功能的影响

Effect of Different Extracts of Amygdalus mongolica on Blood Lipid,Lipid Peroxidation and Liver Function of Hyperlipidemia Rats

目的:探究蒙古扁桃药材不同提取物对高脂血症大鼠血脂、脂质过氧化和肝功能的影响。方法:依次以乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水提取蒙古扁桃种仁,得各部提取物。Wistar雄性大鼠60只按体重均衡随机分组,分别为正常组(10只)和模型组(50只),正常组给予普通饲料饲养,模型组采用高脂饲料喂养法建立高脂模型。建模成功后,持续按前述方法饲养,同时模型组分组为模型组、阳性药组(血脂康,0.061 7 g·kg-1)、给药组(乙酸乙酯组、正丁醇组和水提物组,2.0 g·kg-1),每组10只,其中正常组与模型组ig给予生理盐水,实验组分别以蒙古扁桃乙酸乙酯提取物、正丁醇提取物和水提取物ig给药。给药7周后测定大鼠血清总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC),甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C),丙氨酸氨基转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT),天门冬氨酸氨基转氨酶(aspartate transaminase,AST),丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA),超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD),过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD),过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT),谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px),并计算动脉粥样硬化指数(AI),低密度脂蛋白与高密度脂蛋白的比值(LDLC/HDL-C)。结果:与正常组比较,模型组大鼠TC,LDL-C,AST,AI,LDL-C/HDL-C,MDA水平明显升高(P<0.01);与高脂模型组比较,正丁醇组能显著降低TC,LDL-C,AST,AI,LDL-C/HDL-C,MDA水平(P<0.05),显著升高SOD,POD,GSH-Px水平(P<0.05);水提物组能显著升高POD(P<0.05)。结论:蒙古扁桃药材的正丁醇提取物能显著降低高脂血症大鼠的血脂水平和抵抗脂质过氧化,并且能降低发生心血管疾病的危险性和对肝脏起到一定的保护作用。改善过氧化脂质在大鼠肝脏内的蓄积,减少氧化应激,这可能是正丁醇提取物降血脂的有效机制之一。

Objective： To explore the effect of different extracts from Amygdalus mongolica on blood lipid,lipid peroxidation and liver function of hyperlipidemia rats. Method： A. mongolica kernel was extracted by ethyl acetate,n-butanol and water in sequence. A total of 60 male Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into 6 groups： normal control group（ 10） and model control groups（ 50）, including positive drug group（ Xuezhikang,0. 061 7 g·kg- 1）,ethyl acetate extract group（ 2. 0 g·kg- 1）,n-butanol extract group（ 2. 0 g·kg- 1）and water extract group（ 2. 0 g·kg- 1）. The hyperlipidemia model was induced by method of high lipid feed. After seven weeks of intervention of with drugs,total cholesterol（ TC）,triglyceride（ TG）,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（ HDL-C）,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol（ LDL-C）,aspartate transaminase（ AST）,alanine aminotransferase（ ALT）, malondialdehyde（ MDA）, superoxide dismutase（ SOD）, peroxidase（ POD）,catalase（ CAT）,glutathione（ GSH） and glutathione peroxidase（ GSH-Px） in serum were tested,and the atherosclerosis index（ AI） and the ratio of LDL-C / HDL-C were analysedcalculated. Result： As compared with the normal group,the model group showed significantly higher TC,LDL-C, AST, ALT,AI,LDL-C / HDL-C and MDA（ P〈0. 01）. Compared with the high-lipid model group,the n-butanol extract group revealed significantly lower TC,LDL-C,AST,AI,LDL-C / HDL-C,MDA（ P〈0. 05） but remarkably higher SOD,POD,GSH-Px（ P〈0. 05）. POD was significantly higher（ P〈0. 05） in water extracts group. Conclusion： n-butanol extracts of A. mongolica could significantly decrease the blood lipid level,resist lipid peroxidation level in rats,reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease,protect liver function of rats. n-butanol extracts of A. mongolica could also decrease oxidative stress and lipid peroxidase accumulation in liver,which may be one of effective mechanisms to reduce blood lipid.