武陵山区土家族、苗族青少年成瘾行为及影响因素

Status and influence factors of addictive behaviors among Tujia and Miao adolescents in Wuling mountainous area

目的了解武陵山区土家族、苗族青少年吸烟、饮酒、玩电子游戏和网络成瘾等行为现状,探讨其影响因素,为制定干预措施提供依据。方法分层随机整群抽取2 094名土家族和苗族青少年,对其吸烟、饮酒、玩电子游戏和网络成瘾等行为进行问卷调查。结果土家族、苗族青少年尝试吸烟、≤13岁吸烟、曾饮过酒、≤13岁饮酒、玩电子游戏成瘾、网络成瘾报告率分别为44.94%、29.04%、66.62%、27.41%、14.23%、5.25%,男生各种成瘾行为报告率均高于女生(P<0.01);苗族学生是吸烟、饮酒行为的高发人群,土家族学生过早饮酒情况较为严重;logistic回归结果显示,吸烟的危险因素为男生(OR=7.007,P=0.000)、饮酒(OR=4.053,P=0.000)、失眠(OR=2.383,P=0.000)、打架(OR=2.411,P=0.000)、玩电子游戏成瘾(OR=2.296,P=0.000),保护因素为学习成绩(OR=0.441,P=0.000);饮酒的危险因素为男生(OR=1.929,P=0.000)、吸烟(OR=3.857,P=0.000)、孤独(OR=1.993,P=0.001)、失眠(OR=1.825,P=0.002)、打架(OR=1.726,P=0.000)、玩电子游戏成瘾(OR=1.620,P=0.001);玩电子游戏成瘾的危险因素为男生(OR=1.378,P=0.030)、父亲学历(OR=2.143,P=0.002)、抑郁(OR=2.184,P=0.000)、网络成瘾(OR=26.538,P=0.000)、打架(OR=1.598,P=0.002);保护因素为住校(OR=0.564,P=0.000)。网络成瘾的危险因素为男生(OR=2.626,P=0.000)、抑郁(OR=1.895,P=0.014)、上网以玩游戏为主(OR=2.507,P=0.002)、玩电子游戏成瘾(OR=20.871,P=0.000)。结论武陵山区土家族、苗族青少年成瘾行为不容乐观,男生较女生更易发生成瘾行为。各种成瘾行为之间相互影响、相互作用,失眠以及孤独、抑郁等不良情绪是成瘾行为的危险因素。

Objective To examine the status and influence factors of addictive behaviors among Tujia and Miao ado- lescents in Wuling mountainous area and to provide a basis for making intervention program. Methods With stratified cluster random sampling ,2 094 Tujia and Miao adolescents were selected and surveyed with a questionnaire about smoking, alcohol drinking, video game and internet addiction. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of ad- dictive behaviors. Results The reported rate of smoking attempt,initial smoking before the age of 13 years ,alcohol drink- ing attempt,initial alcohol drinking before the age of 13 years,video game addiction,and internet addiction were 44. 94%, 29. 04% ,66. 62% ,27. 41% ,14. 23% ,and 5.25% ,respectively. The addictive behavior rates of the boys were higher than those of the gifts （P 〈 0. 01 ） ; Miao students reported higher rates of smoking and alcohol drinking behavior, while the Tujia students had a higher rate of alcohol drinking at early age. Logistic regression analysis results showed that the risk factors of current smoking were male gender （ odds ratio E OR ] = 7. 007, P = 0. 000）, current drinking （ OR = 4. 053,P = 0. 000） ,insom- nia（ OR = 2. 383, P = 0. 000 ）, fighting with others （ OR = 2. 411, P = 0. 000 ）, and video games addiction （ OR = 2. 296, P = 0. 000）and the protective factor was academic record （OR = 0. 441, P = 0. 000）. The risk factors of current drinking were male gender（ OR = 1. 929 ,P = 0. 000）, current smoking （ OR = 3. 857, P = 0. 000 ）, aloneness （ OR = 1. 993, P = 0. 000 ）, in- somnia（ OR = 1.825 ,P =0. 001 ） ,fighting with others（ OR = 1.726,P =0. 000） ,and video games addiction（ OR = 1.620, P = 0. 001 ）. The risk factors of video game addiction were male gender（ OR = 1.378,P = 0. 030） ,higher education level of the father（ OR =2. 143,P =0. 002） ,depression（OR =2. 184,P =0. 000） ,internet addiction（ OR =26. 538,P =0. 000） ,and fighting with others （ OR = 1. 598,P = 0. 002） ; the protective factor was being a resident student （ OR = O. 564, P = 0. 000）. The risk factors of intemet addiction were male gender（ OR =2. 626 ,P =0. 000） ,depression（ OR = 1.895 ,P =0. 014） ,using internet mainly for playing game （ OR = 2. 507, P = 0. 002 ）, and video game addiction （ OR = 20. 871, P = 0. 000 ）. Confusion The prevalence of addictive behaviors among Tujia and Miao adolescents in Wuling mountainous area needs to be concerned, especially among the boys. Mutual influence and interaction existed among various addictive behaviors and insomnia and negative emotions such as loneness and depression are risk factors of the addictive behaviors.