中国大陆地区2011年伤寒、副伤寒疫情GIS空间分析

Spatial distribution of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in China's Mainland,2011: a GIS analysis

目的了解中国大陆地区各省(市、自治区)2011年伤寒、副伤寒疫情空间分布情况,为疾病预防和预警提供科学依据。方法利用中国疾病预防控制中心公共卫生科学数据中心2011年伤寒、副伤寒病例报告数据,基于地理信息系统(GIS),进行空间自相关及、趋势面分析等。结果 2011年累计报告伤寒病例101 569例,副伤寒病例47 965例,伤寒、副伤寒发病呈现一定的聚集性,云南、广东、广西、海南等为热点区域,趋势面分析得出伤寒、副伤寒发病率由北向南上升趋势、由西向东下降趋势的结论;伤寒、副伤寒报告病例中男性病例构成比较高,分别占伤寒、副伤寒病例数的55.40%、55.13%,<45岁伤寒病例占报告伤寒病例数的75.51%,<45岁人群副伤寒病例年龄占报告副伤寒病例数的78.01%,农民是伤寒、副伤寒的高发人群。结论根据伤寒、副伤寒发病空间分布及人群分布相关特点,科学制定伤寒、副伤寒防控策略,采用健康教育、疫苗接种、加强公共卫生设施建设等措施,进一步降低其流行水平。

Objective To investigate spatial distribution of typhoid and paratyphoid fever incidents in China based on geographic information system（ GIS ）and surveillance data, and to provide evidences for prevention and early warming of the epidemic. Methods Reported typhoid and paratyphoid fever cases in 2011 were extracted from Public Health Database issued by China Center for Disease Control and Prevention and analyzed with GIS based approach, spatial autocor- relation analysis, and trend surface analysis. Global Moran＇s I and Getis-Ord Gi＊ were used in the analyses. Results To- tally 101 569 typhoid cases and 47 965 paratyphoid cases were reported in China in 2011 ;Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan province were statistically identified with significant high values （hot spots）of spatial clusters of typhoid and paraty- phoid fever. Trend surface analysis showed a downward trend from west to east and an upward trend from north to south in the incidences of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in China. Of the typhoid and paratyphoid fever cases reported, 55.40% and 55.13% were male,and 75.51% and 78. 01% were at the ages of 0 -45 years. Among the typhoid and paratyphoid fever cases,around one-third（38.19% and 30. 75% ）were farmers and more than one-fifth（23.58% and 21.75% ）were students. Conclusion Spatial and population distribution of typhoid and paratyphoid fever should be concerned when making strategies for prevention and control of the epidemic.