天津市2001—2014年布鲁氏菌病流行特征及职业人群血清学调查

Prevalence and serological surveillance of brucellosis among cattle and sheep farmers in Tianjin municipality,2001-2014

目的了解天津市布鲁氏菌病（布病）流行特征，为布病的防控工作提供科学依据。方法收集天津市2001年1月1日-2014年12月31日布病疫情数据和职业人群血清学监测数据，采用SPSS16．0软件进行统计分析。结果天津市2001-2014年共报告布病病例691例，无死亡病例，年均发病率为0．45／10万；2001-2014年发病率依次为0．01／10万、0．03／10万、0．13／10万、0．05／10万、0．11／10万、0．03／10万、0．06／10万、0．13／10万、0．20／10万、0．46／10万、0．75／10万、0．82／10万、1．17／10万、1．23／10万，总体呈上升趋势（χ^2趋势=574．43，P〈0．001），年均增幅为107．17％；天津市累计病例最多的5个区县分别为静海县（146例）、宝坻区（99例）、宁河县（89例）、北辰区（68例）、武清区（64例），均为涉农区县，5个区县病例数占全市总病例数的67．44％；691例布病病例中，男性占77．71％，女性占22．29％，年龄以40～59岁人群为主，占总病例数的61．51％，农民为最高发职业，占总病例数的64．40％；职业人群血清学累计监测7264人，检出血清抗体阳性者255例，累计阳性率为3．51％，其中23例出现布病临床症状，占血清检测阳性数的9．02％。结论天津布病疫情不断上升，防控需多部门联合，而职业人群干预与宣传教育相结合是疾控部门控制布病的积极手段。

Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics of brucellosis in Tianjin municipality（Tianjin） and to provide evidences for control and prevention of the disease. Methods Data on reported cases and serological surveil- lance of brucellosis in Tianjin from 2001 through 2014 were collected and analyzed. Results During the period,totally 691 brucellosis cases were reported, with an average annual incidence of 0. 45/100 000, and no death case was reported. A significant rising trend in brucellosis incidence during the ten year period was observed（χ^2trend=574.43 ,P 〈0. 001 ） ,with an average annual growth rate of 107. 17% and the yearly incidence rates of 0. 01/100 000, 0. 03/100 000, 0.13/100000, 0.05/100 000, 0.11/100 000, 0.03/100 000, 0.06/100 000, 0.13/100 000, 0.20/100 000, 0.46/100 000,0.75/100 000,0.82/100 000,1.17/100 000 ,and 1.23/100 000 ,respectively. The top 5 areas with more reported brucellosis cases were Jinghai county （ 146 ）, Baodi district （ 99 ）, Ninghe county （ 89 ）, Beichen district （ 68 ）, and Wuqing district（64）and 67.44% of the total cases were reported in the 5 rural areas. Of all reported cases,77.71% were male and 22.29% were female; 64：40% were cattle and sheep farmers; and 61.51% were at the ages of 40 -59 years. Totally 7 264 blood samples were collected from cattle and sheep farmers during the period and 255 samples were positive for Brucella antibody ,with an average positive rate of 3.51% ;of the positive cases ,9.02% （23） had symptoms of brucellosis. Conclusion The incidence of brucellosis increased in Tianjin and more effective control measures should be taken, especially among populations at high risk of the disease.