漫谈矿山法隧道技术讲座第一讲——围岩

Tunneling by Mining Method: Lecture Ⅰ: Surrounding Rock

阐述围岩的基本概念及其工程特性、围岩的分级及分类、围岩开挖后的动态、围岩的评价方法等。并对隧道开挖后周边围岩的稳定性问题进行探讨,认为曲面掌子面对确保掌子面稳定更为有利,但目前施工机械开挖曲面掌子面有一定困难,已有同行关注曲面掌子面,并进行施工试验;隧道开挖正朝着积极补强围岩的大断面开挖的方向发展。最后对设计、施工中应该关注的软弱围岩及特殊围岩的分类进行介绍。认为:大多数围岩是有自支护能力的;不良围岩是可以改造"为我所用"的;围岩荷载是可以控制的;不同的围岩其动态也是不同的。总体而言,隧道技术的发展都是围绕达到上述目的而发展的。

The author expounds the definition,engineering property,grade classification,type classification,postexcavation dynamics and assessment method of surrounding rocks; The author discusses the stability of the surrounding rock after tunnel excavation,believing that the curved tunnel face is more helpful to the stability of the tunnel face,however,so far it is difficult to form curved tunnel face by conventional machinery and equipment,and some tunnellers pay attention to the curved tunnel face and are making trials; The tunneling is developing in the trend of large cross-section excavation under the condition of actively reinforced surrounding rock; The author finally presents the classification of soft surrounding rock and special surrounding rock,to which attention should be paid during the design and construction of tunnels. The author believes that most surrounding rocks have self-support capability; poor surrounding rocks can be utilized in tunneling after reinforcement; the load of the surrounding rock is controllable; the dynamics of different surrounding rocks are different. In general,the tunneling technology develops based on the above-mentioned purposes.