陈宝箴为慈禧密旨赐死说再考辨——从陈三立“门存”诗谈起

A New Textual Research of the Argumentation that Chen Baozhen Was Granted Death by Cixi's Secret Edict:Starting with Chen Sanli's Poems

关于陈宝箴死因,有慈禧密旨赐死说和"忽以微疾卒"两种说法。陈三立"门存"诗"伶俜余吊属镂魂"、"掌梦难招负石魂",乃用《左传》吴王夫差赐伍子胥属镂剑自刎和《史记》屈原"怀石遂自投汨罗以死"典,暗指陈宝箴系被最高统治者赐自尽。又陈宝箴卒前三四个月,光绪二十六年二月二十一日《清议报》披露"西后现降密谕"捕拿陈宝箴,三月,宋恕《致孙仲恺书》又云:"荣、刚又下密电于江西,着将陈宝箴中丞就地正法。"均与戴远传《文录》所记"宣太后密旨,赐陈宝箴自尽"之说若合符契。系统分析与陈宝箴死因相关之诸种文献的内容、文体属性、功用、来源和相互关系等等,可以认为:陈三立所撰《行状》云其父"忽以微疾卒"乃微言,陈宝箴之死的真相,当以《清议报》和宋恕《致孙仲恺书》披露、戴远传《文录》记载、陈三立诗歌(特别是"门存"诗)流露的被慈禧密旨赐死说为是。

There are two opinions about the cause of Chen Baozhen's death:one is that he was sentenced to death('granted death')by Empress Dowager Cixi's secret edict,and the other is that he'suddenly died of slight illness.'The lines in Chen Sanli's poems with the rhyme of'men'and'cun'cited the allusions that King Fuchai of Wu gave Wu Zixu the Shulou Sword to commit suicide,and Qu Yuan threw himself into the Miluo River holding a stone,which indicated that Chen Baozhen was granted death by the supreme ruler.On March 21,1900,The China Discussion disclosed that 'the Empress Dowager now issues secrete instructions'to arrest Chen Baozhen.And in the next month,Song Shu wrote in'A Letter to Sun Zhongkai'that'Rong Lu and Gang Yi sent another cable to Jiangxi,ordering Chen Baozhen the Censor to be summarily executed.'Those both coin-cide with the statement'the Empress Dowager's secret edict was announced,and Chen Baozhen was forced to kill himself'as recorded in WenLuby Dai Yuanchuan.Through comprehensive analysis of the content,style,source,and relation of the materials related to Chen Baozhen's death,it can be argued that what Chen Sanli wrote in the brief biographical sketch of Chen Baozhen that he'suddenly died of slight illness'are subtle words with deep meaning,and the truth of Chen Baozhen's death should be forced suicide by Cixi's secret edict.