集体身份认同与统一国家的建构--关于多民族国家统一问题的思考

Group Identity and Construction of Unified Country: Reflections on the Unification of Multi-nationality Country

集体身份是每一个社会成员必然拥有的社会角色,而对某种集体身份的认同或排斥则是选择的结果。在日益多元化的现代社会,集体身份认同的状况直接影响着社会整合和统一的成功与否。对于民族国家而言,民族认同和国家认同是最重要的政治性集体身份认同。在多民族国家内部,这两种集体身份认同之间存在着极为复杂的关系,受到诸如民族政治地位和群体规模,民族的地域分布,民族文化的属性,民族的经济状况、受教育状况和现代化水平,族际交往状况,国家的民族政策等多种因素的影响。在综合考量这些影响的基础上,国家的民族政策和民族制度应以强化国民的国家意识和公民身份认同、弱化其民族意识和民族身份认同为目标,根据国内外形势的变化适时进行调整,这是维护多民族国家统一的重要情感和心理基础。

Group identity is a social role that every social member must have,and identity or exclusion of some kind of group identity is a result of choice.In the diverse modern society,the condition of group identity directly affects whether the social integrity and unification process will success.For a nation,national identity and state identity are the political group identities of most importance.Within the multi-nationality country,there exist very complicated relations between these two kinds of group identities,and they are influenced by various factors such as the political status and population size of a nationality,regional distribution of a nationality,characteristics of national culture,economic condition,educational situation,and level of modernization of a nationality,interaction among nationalities,as well as the national policies of the country.Based on comprehensive consideration of these impacts,the national policy and national system of our country should aim at strengthening people's state awareness and citizenship,while weakening their national consciousness and identity,and make timely adjustments according to the changes at home and abroad;that is the important emotional and psychological foundation for maintaining the unity of a multi-nationality country.