安徽横山植物群落的组成、结构与多样性分析

Analyses on composition,structure and diversity of plant community of Hengshan Mountain in Anhui Province

采用经典样地法、结合物种的重要值,对安徽横山植物群落的物种组成、群落结构和类型、物种多样性以及优势物种进行调查和分析,并初步探讨了安徽横山植物群落的演替规律。结果表明：安徽横山植物群落共有维管植物117科333属502种,其中蕨类植物12科20属22种,裸子植物4科7属8种,被子植物101科306属472种;被子植物包括双子叶植物92科268属419种,单子叶植物9科38属53种;含1~3种的科和属较多,分别占总科数和总属数的70.94%和94.59%。该群落垂直结构可划分成乔木层、灌木层和草本层;其中,乔木层以马尾松（Pinus massoniana Lamb.）、杉木〔Cunninghamia lanceolata（Lamb.）Hook.〕、老鸦柿（Diospyros rhombifolia Hemsl.）、短柄枹栎〔Quercus serrata var.brevipetiolata（A.DC.）Nakai〕和栓皮栎（Q.variabilis Blume）为主要优势种;灌木层以中华绣线菊（Spiraea chinensis Maxim.）、野蔷薇（Rosa multiflora Thunb.）、胡枝子（Lespedeza bicolor Turcz.）和长柄山蚂蝗〔Podocarpium podocarpum（DC.）Yang et Huang〕等为主要优势种;草本层相对稀疏,优势种不明显。依据植物的分布状况、生长环境和结构特征,可将调查的24个样地分为8个群丛,群落类型总体上可划分为针阔叶混交次生林、落叶阔叶混交次生林和人工次生林。物种多样性分析结果表明：横山植物群落物种多样性以落叶阔叶混交次生林最强、针阔叶混交次生林次之、人工次生林最弱,且存在优势乔木重要值高、物种多样性和丰富度则相对较低的现象。综合分析结果认为：早期开发、人为干扰和自然演替是安徽横山次生林植被分布、群落结构及物种多样性变化的主要因素;该区域的植物群落向以针阔叶混交次生林为基础结构、落叶阔叶混交次生林为发展方向的综合性群落演替。

Taking classical plot method and combining species important value, species composition, community structure and type, species diversity and dominant species in plant community of Hengshan Mountain in Anhui Province were investigated and analyzed, and succession rule of plant community of Hengshan Mountain in Anhui Province was studied preliminarily. The results show that there are 502 species of vascular plants belonging to 333 genera in 117 families in plant community of Hengshan Mountain, in which, there are 22 species of pteridophyte belonging to 20 genera in 12 families, 8 species of gymnosperm belonging to 7 genera in 4 families and 472 species of angiosperm belonging to 306 genera in 101 families. Angiosperm includes 419 species of dicotyledon belonging to 268 genera in 92 families and 53 species of monocotyledon belonging to 38 genera in 9 families. There are many families and genera with 1-3 species, accounting for 70.94% and 94.59% of total family number and total genus number, respectively. Vertical structure of this community can be divided into three layers of arbor,shrub and herb. In which, the main dominant species in arbor layer are Pinus massoniana Lamb., Cunninghamia lanceolata （Lamb.） Hook., Diospyros rhombifolia Hemsl., Quercus serrata var. brevipetiolata （A. DC.） Nakai and Q. variabilis Blume, those in shrub layer are Spiraea chinensis Maxim., Rosa multifiora Thunb., Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. and Podocarpium podocarpum （DC.） Yang et I-Iuang, etc, and herb layer is relatively sparse with no obvious dominant species. According to plant distribution status, growth environment and structure characteristics, 24 investigation plots can be divided into 8 associations, and community type generally can be divided into coniferous and broad-leaved mixed secondary forest, deciduous broad-leaved secondary forest and artificial secondary forest. The result of species diversity analysis shows that in plant community of Hengshan Mountain, species diversity of deciduous broad-leaved secondary forest is the highest, that of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed secondary forest takes the second place, and that of artificial secondary forest is the lowest, and there is phenomenon with high important value of dominant arbor and relative lower species diversity and richness. The comprehensive analysis result shows that early development, human disturbance and natural succession are the main factors causing changes in vegetation distribution, community structure and species diversity of secondary forest of Hengshan Mountain in Anhui Province, and plant community in the region will be in the succession of comprehensive community taking coniferous and broad-leaved mixed secondary forest as basic structure and taking deciduous broad-leaved secondary forest as development direction.