动态能力、即兴能力与竞争优势关系研究

Dynamic Capabilities versus Improvisational Capabilities:What Are Their Relationships to Competitive Advantage?

近年来,动态能力逐渐成为创业研究领域的焦点之一,同时,学者们也开始探索创业领域中即兴能力的相关问题,但鲜有研究提出动态能力、即兴能力与竞争优势关系的异同。本文依据184份有效问卷,分别探究了动态能力、即兴能力与竞争优势的关系以及环境动态性对它们之间关系的作用机理。研究得出如下结论:在没有调节因素时,动态能力和即兴能力均与新创企业竞争优势呈现正相关关系;在加入环境动态性这一调节变量后,样本被分为"低动态环境"和"高动态环境"两组,在"低动态环境"下,即兴能力与动态能力均对竞争优势有正向的影响作用,但相比即兴能力而言,动态能力起到主要影响作用;在"高动态环境"下,即兴能力对提升企业竞争优势起到了主要作用,而动态能力对企业竞争优势的作用不显著。本研究在理论上深化了动态能力理论相关研究,同时也阐明了尚未被广泛关注的即兴能力的重要性,在实践中也对中国企业有一定参考价值,即企业在注重动态能力培育的同时,也不要忽视即兴能力为企业带来的作用。

In recent years, dynamic capabilities have been the focus of the research field of entrepreneurship. At the same time, some scholars begin to explore related issues of im- provisational capabilities in entrepreneurship field, but few researches have been done on the similarities and differences of the relationship among dynamic capabilities, improvisational capabilities and competitive advantage. Based on 184 valid questionnaires, this paper studies the relationship among dynamic capabilities, improvisational capabilities and competitive ad- vantage and the influence of environmental dynamism on their relationship. It draws the con- clusions as follows, firstly, without the moderating factors, dynamic capabilities and im- provisational capabilities are positively related to competitive advantage of new ventures; secondly, when taking account of the moderating effect of environmental dynamism on their relationship, the sample is divided into two groups： the low dynamic environment group and the high dynamic environment group; in the low dynamic environment, both dynamic capa- bilities and improvisational capabilities have positive effects on competitive advantage, but compared with improvisational capabilities, dynamic capabilities play the major role~ and in the high dynamic environment, improvisational capabilities play a major role in the improve- ment of competitive advantage, and the influence of dynamic capabilities on competitive ad- vantage is not significant.This paper theoretically deepens related research of dynamic capa- bility theory, and also illustrates the importance of improvisational capabilities, which has not been widely concerned. It also has certain reference value for Chinese enterprises in prac- tice, that is, enterprises should not ignore the influence of improvisational capabilities when placing emphasis on the cultivation of dynamic capabilities.