我国行政裁决制度之批判——兼论以有权社会机构裁决替代行政裁决

Criticism over Chinese Administrative Adjudication System: Concurrently Discussion on Replacement of Administrative Adjudication with Entitled Social Institutional Adjudication

行政法学理论界普遍认为行政裁决制度具有简便、高效、成本低廉、易于接近等优势。然而,行政裁决的立法、执法和司法实践却在不断萎缩。理论界与实务界的这种矛盾,暴露了行政裁决制度本身存在的问题。一方面,行政裁决制度在性质界定与所涉权力分工、实效性、经济性、结果效率性和利益性等方面都存在本质缺陷,背离了设计这个制度的初衷;同时,试图通过修补相关制度对我国的行政裁决制度进行改造也不可行。另一方面,有权社会机构裁决符合权力社会化的理念与趋势,且能弥补现有行政裁决制度的本质缺陷。因此,应当解构行政裁决制度,以有权社会机构的裁决来替代现有的行政裁决。

The administrative adjudication system is commonly considered with advantages of convenience, high efficiency, low cost and being easy to access among the administrative law theorists. But its legislation, law enforcement and judicial practice are decreasing gradually. Such conflict between the theory and practice circles exposes problems of the administrative adjudication itself. On one hand, in the administrative adjudication system there is essential defect in aspects of nature defining, related power division, effectiveness, economy, result efficiency, benefits, etc., which deviates from the original design intention of the system and can not be repaired even by attempting amending related systems. On the other hand, the entitled social institutional adjudication is consistent with the idea and trend of power socialization, which can also make up for the above mentioned essential defect. Consequently, the administrative adjudication system should be deconstructed to replace it with the entitled social institutional adjudication.