鹿舍内气载真菌浓度的检测及其粒谱分析

Microbial diversity and particle spectrum of the fungal aerosol from deer houses

为了评估鹿舍内环境中真菌气溶胶对动物和饲养人员的健康隐患,本研究应用国际标准的Andersen-6级空气收集器对山东省5个梅花鹿养殖舍进行了空气样本的采集,通过对样本中真菌的分离培养及菌落计数,分析了鹿舍内气载真菌粒子的粒径、浓度及其微生物多样性。结果显示,5个鹿舍的气载真菌浓度为0.69 cfu/m3~2.32×103cfu/m3,真菌粒谱分布高峰均在D级(2.1μm^3.3μm),真菌粒子的浓度与鹿舍内的养殖密度和空气湿度呈正相关;真菌粒子中值直径(CMD)为3.3~3.4,几何标准差(GSD)均为1.7;样本中气载真菌的优势种群主要有链格孢属、青霉属、枝孢霉属、链孢菌属,吸入性的真菌粒子比例较大,与真菌感染密切相关。本研究为进一步阐明鹿舍养殖环境真菌的种群结构及其传播机制奠定了基础。

In order to estimate the health risk of airborne fungi to deer and workers, the air samples of 5 deer houses were collected by Andersen-6 air sampler and detected by fungal isolation and culture technique. The results showed that the concentration of the aerosol fimgi from the 5 houses distribute from 0.69 cfu/m3 to 2.32×10^3 cfu/m3, which was related to the stocking density and air humidity. The fungi particle spectrums mainly distributed at D Degree, and the mean value of CMD was 3.3 or 3.4, as well as all of the Geometric Standard Deviation was 1.7. The predominant fungi of all sampling houses were Altemaria, Penicillium, Cladosporium and Fusarium among the total of 14 kinds of fungi, most of which could be inhaled, and was closely related to the infection of fungi. In conclusion, this study laid the foundation for the future series of research to study the populative structure and transmission mechanism of the aerosol fungi in animal feeding environment.