明清时期云南边疆民族教育政策之比较

A comparison of the ethnic education policies towards the borderland of Yunnan in the Ming dynasty and the Qing dynasty

明清时期云南边疆民族教育得到了很大发展。作为封建社会的最后两个王朝,明清统治者吸收了以往历代统治经验,十分重视教育在治理云南边疆民族地区过程中的作用,将教育视为治边重要方略。适应于边疆与内地联系愈加紧密的历史趋势,清朝在云南边疆举办教育的力度超过明代,各类学校的设置范围更广,尤其是在边疆民族地区大量开办义学,成为清朝云南边疆民族教育的显著特点。明清云南教育的发展,在传播中原儒家文化,推动边疆民族社会发展,促进边疆社会内地化等方面均发挥了重要作用。

The ethnic education in the borderland of Yunnan made much progress in the Ming dynasty and the Qing dynasty. The rulers of the last two feudal dynasties in China absorbed the administrative experience of the former dynasties,paid much attention to the role of education in the management of the ethnic borderland and regarded education as a crucial administrative strategy. Adapting to the tend of a closer communication between the borderland and the interior,the government of the Qing dynasty made greater efforts at the improvement of education in the borderland of Yunnan,and more schools of different kinds were established,of which the free schools highlighted the ethnic education in the borderland of Yunnan. The development of education in Yunnan in the two dynasties played an important role in popularizing the Confucian culture of the Central Plains,promoting the local social development and helping integrate the borderland and the interior of China.