从国际合作视角审视美国对华缓和的动因——以反劫机国际合作为例(19691971)

A Case Study of Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft(1969~1971)

围绕是否邀请中国参加1970年底、1971年初召开的两次修改、制定反劫机国际公约会议的问题,西方国家之间及美国内部展开了激烈的争论。最终,为了既不影响美国对中国等所谓"分裂国家"的联合国代表权的既有政策,又尽可能地实现这些国家对反劫机国际公约的认可,经美方提议,《海牙公约》和《蒙特利尔公约》均采取了"多方保存"的方式。这场争论反映出美国政府对华政策的内在矛盾:既需要中国积极参与由美国主导的国际合作以应对全球性威胁,又不愿改变不承认中华人民共和国在联合国等国际组织中应拥有合法地位的政策。此外,从这场争论的过程来看,在20世纪60年代末、70年代初,邀请中国参与应对全球性威胁的国际合作,已成为美国缓和对华关系的一个重要动因。

In the late 1960 s and early 1970 s,confronting increased international terrorist incidents such as hijacking of airplanes,the U.S.needed the PRC to play a more active role in dealing with international terrorism within the scope of international organizations.However,the policy of containment towards China became a political obstacle to realizing the above goal.Focusing on whether to invite China to participate in two international conferences which aimed at revising and making new international conventions on hijacking,there were fierce controversy both among the major western countries and inside the United States.The 'Triple Depository' formula was a compromise in terms of retaining the American policy towards the political status of the so-called ' divided countries' in the UN on the one hand,while,on the other hand,it realized the objective of wider cooperation.However,wider cooperation was not realized until PRC regained its legitimate seat in the UN.The dispute over the invitation plan of the two international conferences shows that in the late 1960 s and the early 1970 s,incorporating China into the international effort of dealing with global threats was also a major driving force of US rapprochement with China.