基于需求视角的灾害救助及其救助效果评估研究

Demand-based study of content and assessment system of disaster relief

从受灾地区及其灾民的需求出发,界定灾害救助需求概念内涵及其特点,借助我们提出的"‘2+3’灾害救助需求框架",进一步以灾民需求为主体提炼形成包括"生命需求—生活需求—心理需求"在内的"三位一体救助需求体系";相应构建了一个能够反映灾民需求的指标体系,并就灾害救助概念模型以及每一种灾害需求经验系数进行研究,对一些救灾物资和医疗人员的最小需求量进行了计算运用;最后以需求系数为依据对救助需求满足的效果进行了4个维度的方向性评判.

Victim needs in disaster-stricken areas are considered to define relief demand characteristics.A‘2＋3＇framework model of disaster relief demand is proposed,summarizing a three-dimensional relief demands index system,which includes survival needs,living needs and psychological needs.On this basis,conceptual model of disaster relief and experience coefficient of needs for each type of disaster are studied,the minimum demands of materials and staff are calculated.Demand coefficient is taken into account to evaluate the effect of disaster relief via four aspects.