灌溉水资源效率、空间溢出与影响因素

Empirical Research on the Efficiency,Spatial Spillover and Impact Factors of Irrigation Water

选取2004—2013年全国和31个省市区的劳动力、资本、农用物质、灌溉水吸收量、生态包袱、污染排放量和粮食产量,分别运用MFA、SFA和DEA方法测量粮食生产灌溉水资源的资源生产率、技术效率和全要素资源效率,运用Moran’s I指数检验3种水资源效率的空间溢出效应,并采用Panel Data模型对影响3种水资源效率的因素进行实证分析。结果显示:全国粮食生产的水资源生产率稳步提高,灌溉条件改善中技术效率提高缓慢,全要素水资源效率中经济效率明显高于生态效率和环境效率;区域粮食生产的灌溉水资源效率分化明显;全局性的灌溉水资源效率空间溢出效应不明显;人均用水量与灌溉水资源效率间存在显著正向关系,农业用水比例与灌溉水资源效率间存在显著负向关系。因此,必须实行水资源效率细分与综合管理,特别是对效率落后地区实行重点整治;通过制度创新促进效率外溢,并加强效率影响因素的动态监测。

The subdivided efficiency such as water productivity,irrigation water technical efficiency and water resource total factor efficiency were comprehensively studied in food production while maintaining food security. Meanwhile,the spillover effect of the subdivided efficiency was tested by Moran＇s I index and the impact factors of the subdivided efficiency were analyzed using the Panel Data model. The results showed： Firstly,water productivity efficiency improved steadily,water technical efficiency increased smoothly,for the total facter efficiency,economic efficiency was better than eco-efficiency and environmental efficiency. Secondly,considering the subdivided efficiency,there were big gaps between different areas. However,there was no obvious spatial spillover effect of water efficiency. Thirdly,water efficiency was significantly positively correlated with per capita water consumption,but significantly negatively correlated with agricultural water consumption. Finally in order to maintain food security we propose that water resources need intensive and integrated management,efficiency spillover needs system innovation especially in those lower efficiency areas,and the factors affecting water efficiency should be better monitored.