农民专业合作社经营效率及其影响因素

A Study on the Operating Efficiency of Farmers' Professional Cooperatives and Its Influencing Factors

基于江西省调查数据,利用DEA模型研究了农民专业合作社的经营效率,发现合作社的平均技术效率水平较低,主要原因在于纯技术效率水平低。在合作社类型方面,养殖类合作社技术效率与纯技术效率值最高,其次为瓜果蔬菜类合作社,再次为粮食种植类合作社,茶叶及一般经济作物类合作社的经营效率最低。文章通过建立Tobit模型对合作社经营效率制约因素进行回归分析发现:资产规模、理事会成员数量、项目扶持金额与财务杠杆对纯技术效率的影响显著为负,而资产规模、统一销售比例与当地农民人均收入对规模效率的正向影响显著,社员培训次数对合作社的技术效率与纯技术效率的影响显著为正,盈余返还比例对合作社技术效率与规模效率的正向影响显著,科技扶持政策与是否为示范合作社对合作社的技术效率、纯技术效率与规模效率正向影响显著。

Based on the data of the survey made in Jiangxi Province,we used the DEA model to study the operating efficiency of farmers＇ professional cooperatives. The research shows that the average technical efficiency level is relatively low,mainly due to the low level of pure technical efficiency. In different types of cooperatives,technical efficiency and pure technical efficiency values are the highest in farming cooperatives,followed by fruits and vegetables cooperatives,then the grain planting cooperatives,and the cooperative management efficiency of tea and the general economic crops is the lowest. This article analyzes the factors influencing cooperatives operating efficiency through the Tobit model regression,and the results show that： the impacts of asset size,the number of members of the Council,and the amount of financial leverage to support projects on pure technical efficiency are significantly negative,while the scale of assets,unified sales ratio and local farmers per capita income have significantly positive influence on the scale efficiency; members＇ training times also have a positive influence on technical efficiency and pure technical efficiency; the return of surplus proportion has a significantly positive influence on Cooperative technical efficiency and scale efficiency; the science and technology support policy,and whether it is an exemplary cooperative have significantly positive influence on technical efficiency,pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency.