自然资本视角下贸易开放的环境效应——基于长江经济带的生态足迹分析

The Effect of trade openness on the environment from the perspective of natural capital——ecological footprint analysis based on Yangtze River Economic Zone

生态经济学提出以自然资本反映商品与服务所内含的生态价值。文章以生态足迹(EF)作为自然资本的测度,构建2000—2012年长江经济带九省二市的EF面板数据,并采用不同的计量模型及工具变量策略考察了贸易开放对环境质量的影响。研究结果显示:在该研究期内,长江经济带EF总量与EF结构呈现反向变化,自然资本消耗日趋严重且以环境污染为主导,不同省市EF强度呈现显著差异;贸易开放的深化总体上加剧了自然资本消耗,其中贸易的规模效应为负,结构与技术效应为正。

Natural capital reflects the ecological value embedded in goods and services by ecological economics. Based on the ecological footprint （EF） as a measure of the natural capital and by building EF panel data of nine provinces and two municipalities on Yangtze River Economic Zone in 2000-2012, this paper use different econometric model and instrumental variables strategy examine the effect of trade openness on the environmental quality. The results show that in examined period, the total EF and EF structure in Yangtze River Economic Zone present reverse change, the consumption of natural capital has become increasingly severe and dominated by the environmental pollution, EF intensity of different provinces and municipalities present significant difference, trade openness deepening exacerbated the consumption of natural capital on the whole, in which the scale effect of trade is negative , the composition and technology effect is positive.