经济增长与中国农村贫困:基于交易权利的分析

Economic Growth and Rural Poverty in China: An Exchange Entitlement Analysis

文章构建了一个分析经济增长和贫困关系的理论框架,将亚马蒂亚·森提出的"交换权利"概念进行扩展,分析不同阶层交易权利对其占有经济增长成果能力的影响,得出了关于增长与贫困关系的若干推论:贫困是交易权利的函数,而不是经济增长的函数;由制度、技术、市场等因素构成的整个权利关系,决定着某些阶层是否有能力分享足够的经济增长成果以避免贫困;贫困既可以由资源禀赋的匮乏引起,也可以由交易权利的恶化引起。文章的政策含义是:有利于穷人的经济增长政策的调整方向应该是扩大穷人的交易权利,使其能获得经济增长的好处。

By developing Amartya Sen＇ s entitlement analysis method （ EAM ）, we build an analysis framework to analyze the relationship between economic growth and poverty reduction. We propose exchange entitlement （EE） concept, which is defined as the poor~ exchanging mapping or capability when they exchange their products and labors in product markets, input markets and labor markets. We get the conclusion that poverty is the function of exchange entitlement, but not the function of economic grow. The entire entitlement relations decide whether certain social class has capability to share the enough economic growth benefits to avoid poverty. Economy grow itself does not contain factors that reduce poverty directly ; it depends on other factors （ expanding low - skill employment, increasing demand of agricultural products, changing terms of trade of agricultural product, and so on） to influence the income of the poor people. An policy that can expand exchange entitlement of poor people is the pro - poor growth （PPG） policy, from which the poor could benefit from economic growth.