美英冤案发现纠正机制比较研究

Comparative Research on Systems of Discovering and Correcting Wrongful Convictions in United States and United Kingdom

20世纪90年代以来,以美国为首的英美法系国家兴起了一场"无辜者运动",旨在修正刑事司法制度,救济释放被冤枉入狱的无辜者,提高刑事司法防范冤案的能力。在这一过程中,美国和英国在冤案发现纠正机制方面做了大量的探索和努力,取得了一定成效,特别是冤案的发现机制和纠正机制出现了分离独立的趋势。介绍、比较和归纳美国、英国的做法以及经验,对于改革我国刑事司法制度必定能够提供一些启示和思路。

Since the 1990 s,there is a rise of innocence movement in US- led common law countries,which is to revise criminal justice,exonerate the innocent and improve the ability of prevent wrongful convictions. During this process,United States and United Kingdom make lots of efforts and exploration on the systems of discovering and correcting wrongful convictions,which have achieved great results. What is noteworthy is that there is a tendency that discovering and correcting system are gradually separated. Therefore,it makes sense to introduce,compare and conclude these experience in the two countries,which is helpful for our criminal system innovation.