中国老年福利的“新常态”:老年教育的社会政策化

“New Normal”of Chinese Elderly Welfare:the Social Policy Analysis of the Elderly Education

在人口新常态下,老年教育不再局限于满足老年人"学"的需求,更为重要的是构筑一个积极老龄化的社会,逐步形成老年福利的"新常态",从而推进社会整体的可持续发展和不同年龄群体生活福祉的提升。从社会政策化的视角,运用文本分析和历史考察法,分析中国老年教育的赋权历程、政策基本要素和政策成果,得出以下结论:中国老年教育已从个人选择演变为社会需要,正经历政策形成和选择期;政策已明确了老年人的教育权利、教育目的和原则、政策路径依赖等;老年教育兼具改善老年人生活福祉和社会投资的功能。但现有政策也存在立法不足、教育的增能和人的发展认知不到位、教育分层等问题。未来老年教育应充分"社会政策化",深化赋权行动,发展社区化模式,丰富增能型、发展型的教育,提升专业化服务,培育老年人的主体性,增强老年教育政策的社会投资功能。

Under the new normal of population, the old age education in China is no longer limited to meet the needs of the elderly ; the more important is to build a positive aging society, and to promote the sustainable development of society as a whole and the improve- ment of the life of different age groups. This article uses the method of text - analysis and historical study to analyze the empowerment process of the elderly education in China, the basic elements and achievements of the policies. The study found that ： old education pol- icy in China has the function of ＂social investment＂. The elderly education in China has already changed from personal choice to social needs, experiencing the period of policy formation and selection. The elderly education policies have made clear about the aged educa- tion rights, education aim and principle and so on. The elderly education performs the function to improve the elderly life well - being as well as social investment. But the current policies still have some problems in legislation, people＇ s recognition, and educational stratification. Therefore, future elderly education should be fully socialized, deepening the empowerment action, developing communit- ization, enriching developmental education, promote professional service, cultivating the subjectivity of old people and strengtheningsocial investment in the elderly education.