正渗透膜材料及其应用技术研究进展

RESEARCH PROGRESS ON FORWARD OSMOSIS MEMBRANE AND ITS APPLIED TECHNOLOGY

简述了正渗透原理及其发展,分析了不同方法制备的正渗透膜材料的优缺点;归纳了正渗透技术在能源生产、海水淡化、废水处理、食品加工以及药物制备等领域的应用。认为正渗透技术要发展成为一种成熟的膜分离技术,并更广泛地应用于能源与环境等领域,需要在正渗透膜材料的制备方面开展更多研究,以改善膜的机械性能,提高膜水通量与盐截率,减小膜内部浓差极化,提高膜对酸碱等的耐腐蚀能力;同时,分析表明复合薄膜(TFC)是当前正渗透膜材料研究发展的主流,尤其是开发具有低结构系数的多孔支撑层已成研究热点之一。

The principle of forward osmosis（FO） and the development of FO membrane were presented in this article. The main advantages and disadvantages of various FO membrane prepared with different methods were also compared in details. Moreover, the recent applications and the prospect of FO in power generation, desalination, wastewater treatment and food processing were discussed. In order to promote the widely practical application of FO in energy and environmental fields, more attentions should be focused on the membrane fabrication. Meanwhile, the thin film composite（TFC） membranes have become the mainstream of membrane preparation, and a suitable supporting layer with low structural parameter（S） has been gaining popularity.