1980年来湖北省钉螺分布区域及其数量的消长分析

ANALYSES ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND SUCCESSION OF ONCOMELANIA SNAILS IN HUBEI PROVINCE SINCE 1980

目前对钉螺分布及消长的研究主要是短期的、文字描述性的、数字和曲线图表示的,通过这些方式可以呈现出某个地域范围的钉螺消长的总体趋势。但是,若要呈现出以行政村为单位的各个地区钉螺分布及消长的长期变化,仅仅用文字和曲线图是不够的,而是需要用更复杂的方式,才能呈现各个行政村的钉螺消长时空分布情况。地理信息系统（GIS）可以通过地图清晰显示出这些复杂的动态变化。利用湖北省钉螺的螺情村级统计年报数据,以湖北省村级行政区划图为基本空间制图单元,利用ArcGIS软件的逻辑运算和统计功能,分析了各个村级行政区从1980~2009年每间隔5a的钉螺分布的区域及面积大小,以及钉螺数量的消长情况,并用GIS软件详细制图,获得各个村级行政区的钉螺数量的消长变化情况。根据钉螺消长情况,将所有行政村分为八类,可以识别出钉螺反复出现和难以消灭的地区,并且在地图中清晰地呈现出来。针对各个钉螺消长类型,结合自然地理、人为治理途径等情况进行相关分析,总结出湖北省各地区钉螺消长类型分异的原因,这将有利于制定县市甚至细化到村级单位的钉螺防控计划,也有利于辨识过去30a来钉螺分布及其数量消长的区域以及灭螺的效果,对今后血吸虫的防治工作有重要指导意义。

Schistosomiasis is a kind of many parasitic diseases which jeopardizes humankind＇s health and the economic development of the Oncomelania Snails distribution regions.After the foundation of China,a large-scale epidemiological investigation have been launched in the country,which proved that Hubei Province was one of the schistosomiasis prevalence areas and its hazard was very serious.Schistosomiasis japonica is the only schistosomiasis epidemic in our country,and Hubei oncomelania is the only intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum.So we can block the spread of schistosomiasis by wiping out the snails,in order to achieve the purpose of reducing the number of patients with Schistosomiasis japonica.In the studies on the distribution and succession of Oncomelania snails at present,the overall trend of the growth and decline of the quantity of snails in one region can be shown by numbers or graphs.It needs a more sophisticated method to present temporal and spatial distribution of snail and its growth and circumstances in each administrative village,to replace the description with simple graphs and words which may be not enough to minutely show the long-term changes of snail distribution of growth and decline in the Oncomelania Snails distribution regions.Geographic Information Systems（GIS）is a computer information system with the capabilities of geospatial-related data management,analysis and description.GIS can clearly show the complex analysis results through map.In the field of public health,GIS can be used to analyze the spatial distribution,the spatial and temporal trends of the diseases.Therefore,using GIS to analyze the growth and decline of snail is appropriate.To get the specific information of distribution and succession of Oncomelania snails in the Oncomelania Snails distribution regions of Hubei Province in the past three decades,the statistical yearbook data of Oncomelania snails in Hubei and Hubei administrative division map are combined and analyzed by the logical operation function and statistical function of ArcGIS software to get the detailed map which can clearly reflect the distribution and change of Oncomelania snails acreage in the Oncomelania Snails distribution regions every other five years from 1980 to 2009.We can get the detailed information of Oncomelania snail succession of all the division,then we can draft sophisticated map to find the place where the Oncomelania snails recur or be hard to be wiped out.For example,most places of Oncomelania snails area in Honghu City was decreasing in these years,however,the Oncomelania snail areas of Mashi Village and Shangsheng Village in Gong＇an County were increasing.Then,we combined with the type of snails dynamics,the natural geography,human governance approach,etc.to do related analysis to sum up the reasons of the Oncomelania Snails succession in the Oncomelania Snails distribution regions of Hubei Province from 1980 to 2009.Geographic Information System can be used to analyze the distribution and succession of Oncomelania snails in the Oncomelania Snails distribution regions,which is beneficial to review the effect of schistosomiasis control work in the past thirty years and guide the schistosomiasis prevention work in the future.