生态环境问题的技术化和经济学解决方案批判——以“杰文斯悖论”为中心

Critique on Technological and Economic Solutions to Ecological and Environmental Issues——Centered on the “Jevons Paradox”

"杰文斯悖论"是一种技术进步、经济增长和环境保护之间的矛盾和悖论。生态环境问题的纯粹技术化解决思路,受到了启蒙以来技术理性的局限性的影响,忽视了技术背后的社会制度和意识形态的操控。作为一种公共物品,生态环境需求和供给的市场选择是无效的,且会导致"外部性"的增加。因而,应该借助西方马克思主义学派对技术的批判,反思长期以来盛行的生态环境问题的技术化和经济学解决方案,重视生态环境问题的政治属性,彰显生态政治思维方式的必要性。

＂Jevons Paradox＂ refers to the contradiction and paradox between technological advancement, economic growth and environmental protection. The purely technological solution to ecological problems had been influenced by the limitations of technical rationality ever since the Enlightenment Age, and ignores the manipulation by social system and ideology behind technology. As a public object, the market choice for demand and supply in ecology and environment is inva- lid, and will lead to increased ＂externality＂. As a result, it is necessary to refer to the critique of Western Marxism on technology in order to reflect upon the long-standing technological and economic solutions to ecological issues. We need to attach importance to the political nature of environmental problems, and highlight the necessity of eco-political way of thinking.