我国文化海外传播的新路径——从中国瓷器的海外传播谈起

New Path for China to Conduct Overseas Cultural Communication——Focusing on Overseas Dissemination for Chinese Porcelain Culture

16—18世纪,中国瓷器在欧洲广泛传播,它们不仅是具有实用价值的器物,而且是典型的中国文化符号。中国瓷器的海外传播被西方学者称为"真正的‘全球性文化’首次登场",是世界文化的大循环。中国瓷器在文化海外传播中获得巨大成功的原因在于:中国的制瓷技术和工艺在世界上独领风骚;中国瓷器的形制、纹饰、图案最初是中国文化的反映,后来也融汇了欧洲文化,成为中欧文化交流的结晶。中国瓷器作为文化载体的传播,为研究我国当下文化海外传播的新路径提供了重要启示:中国文化的海外传播应该从以产品为中心,转入以受众为中心;器物要成为文化的载体,必须与文化创意深度融合,使它不仅成为技术产品,而且成为文化产品。

From the 16th century to the 18th century, Chinese porcelain had been widely spread in Europe. They were not only objects of practical value, but also typical symbols of Chinese culture. The overseas dissemination of Chinese porcelain culture was defined by western scholars as ＂the first ＇ global cultural＇ debut in the real sense＂, and is a grand cycle of world cultures. The reason why Chinese porcelain culture could achieve success in overseas dissemination is that China＇s porcelain-making technology and processes once dominated the world market. The shapes, decorations and patterns of Chinese porcelain products were initially the embodiment of Chinese culture, which later incorporated European cultural elements and had become the result of Sino-European cultural exchange. Chinese porcelain, as a carrier for cultural communication, offers an important inspiration for the current path of overseas dissemination of Chinese culture： the overseas cultural dissemination should shift from the product-centric mode to recipient-centric mode. For porcelain product to become a cultural carrier, it must have in-depth integration with cultural creativity, so that it is not only a technological product, but also a cultural product.