猪苓与蜜环菌高亲和性组合的筛选

Screening Polyporus umbellatus and Armillaria mellea combination with high symbiotic compatibility

猪苓与蜜环菌共生亲和性是猪苓人工栽培成功的关键因素。为获得猪苓与蜜环菌的高亲和性组合,本文采用了5株猪苓菌株与4株蜜环菌菌株进行筛选。通过将猪苓菌株与蜜环菌菌株共培养,比较不同组合的生长速度、拮抗线形成情况,以及两种菌丝生长过程中形态学变化等指标,结果发现组合GU-06&AM-08生长速度最快,为3.36mm/d。GU-06和GU-07-2菌株与每株蜜环菌共培养均可产生拮抗线,共培养28d后,产生拮抗的猪苓菌丝分枝较多,可以看到菌丝束。被蜜环菌菌索侵染的猪苓菌核,切面可以明显观察到侵入猪苓菌核中的蜜环菌菌索,侵染到猪苓菌核中的蜜环菌菌索分枝较多,中空,表皮细胞细长。发生侵染现象的组合有7组:GU-04与AM-06;GU-06与AM-06,AM-08,AM-13;GU-07-2与AM-06,AM-08;GU-15与AM-06,其中以GU-06与AM-06,AM-13两组组合侵染最严重,其余组合没有发现侵染现象。综合以上共生筛选指标获得GU-06&AM-08、GU-06&AM-06、GU-07-2&AM-08以及GU-06&AM-13 4组高亲和性的组合。

Symbiotic compatibility of Polyporus umbellatus and Armillaria mellea is the key factor for the successfully artificia cultivation of Polyporus umbellatus sclerotia. In order to obtain the combination with high compatibility, five isolates of Polyporus umbellatus and four isolates of Armillaria mellea were screened. The growth rate, antagonism line, and mycelium morphology of the combinations were compared separately after co-cultivation on a plate or in a culture bottle. The result showed that the fastest growth of mycelia reaching 3.36mm/d was the combination GU-06＆AM-08. The antagonistic line could be observed in each co-cultivation of P. umbellatus isolate GU-06 or GU-07-2 and A. mellea isolates. After co-culture for 28 days, more branches and hyphal strands emerged in mycelia of P. umbellatus. Rhizomorph of the A. mellea was found obviously in the sclerotia of P. umbellatus, with more branches, hollow, and slender epidermal cells. Seven combinations with infectivity were GU-04＆AM-06, GU-06＆AM-06, GU-06＆AM-08, GU-06＆AM-13, GU-07-2＆AM-06, GU-07-2＆AM-08 and GU-15＆AM-06. The most serious infection happened in the GU-06＆AM-06 and GU-06＆AM-13, and no infection was found in the other combinations. In conclusion, the four group of highly compatible symbiotic combinations, GU-06＆AM-08, GU-06＆AM-06, GU-07-2＆AM-08, and GU-06＆ AM-13, could be regarded as most suitable for artificial production of P. umbellatus sclerotia