黄土高原农业溯源

Origin of agriculture in Loess Plateau

农业起源于地带性原始生态系统,一个地区的农业类型表现出对该区域原生生态系统的皈依。黄土高原东南部的古人类遗存出现时间较西北部早,分布也更为丰富,猎食草食动物是整个高原古人类主要的食物来源。以驯化动物及游牧为特征的畜牧业率先出现,以旱作农业为特色的耕作农业随后发端。在初始阶段,畜牧业和耕作业相互包含,甚至互相转化;邦国社会以后,在高原的东北部形成了以农耕农业为主,而在西北部以游牧农业为主的格局,相应的农业文化成对峙态势。黄土高原的农业起源表现出了对草原及森林生态系统的皈依,而草原生态系统又是最主要的影响因素。

Agriculture originated in the zonal native ecosystem,the agriculture type of one district showed the conversion of its native ecosystem. Ancient human remained in northwest Loess Plateau appeared earlier than southeastern part,and more extensive distribution as well. Hunting herbivore was the major food source for the human in the whole Loess Plateau. Livestock agriculture which characterized in domesticating animals and nomadism firstly initiated and farming agriculture which characterized in dry farming subsequent emergenced. At the beginning,livestock agriculture and farming agriculture both existed even mutual converting. Farming agriculture became the dominant agriculture type in northwest Loess Plateau while livestock agriculture became the dominant agriculture type in southeastern Loess Plateau after premier community historical stage,and their corresponding agricultural culture confronted each other. In summary,origin of the agriculture in Loess Plateau revealed conversion of grassland ecosystem and forest ecosystem,and grassland ecosystem was the major factor.