古茶园和现代茶园土壤养分与微生物数量的研究

Study on Soil Nutrients and Quantity of Microbial Community of Ancient Tea Arboretums and Modern Tea Gardens

为揭示古茶园土壤肥力特征及其对土壤微生物的影响.以森林土壤为对照,对云南景迈山、布朗山和南糯山古茶园和现代茶园土壤表层（0-20cm）的pH值,阳离子交换量（CEC）,有机质（SOM）与氮磷钾养分分析和土壤微生物类群培养进行了研究.结果表明：茶园土壤pH值在4.30-4.75之间,南糯山茶园和景迈山现代茶园的土壤pH值显著高于森林土壤,布朗山古茶园的土壤pH值也显著高于现代茶园,并且各茶园土壤的CEC均显著低于森林土壤;3座茶山古茶园土壤SOM,全氮（TN）,全磷（TP）,碱解氮和速效磷质量分数显著高于现代茶园;茶树种植年限对茶园土壤pH值,CEC和各养分质量分数没有一致性影响规律;茶园土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量普遍高于森林土壤,并且微生物的总数量：现代茶园高于古茶园,但各微生物数量与茶园土壤养分质量分数之间相关性无统计学意义.植茶和植茶年龄的增加并未加剧茶园土壤酸化,茶园土壤酸化可能与土壤钾素营养水平关系密切;与现代茶园相比,古茶园良好的小气候环境、低强度生产模式和较小干扰栽培管理是古茶园土壤肥力持续利用和微生物群落多样性的基础,将为现代茶园土壤管理和调控提供理论依据。

A study was made to reveal soil fertility characteristics of ancient tea arboretums and their effects on the community of soil microbes so as to provide useful information for soil management in modern tea gardens.In some modern tea gardens and ancient tea arboretums of the Jingmai Mountains,the Bulang Mountains and the Nannuo Mountains in Yunnan Province,soil pH,cation exchange capacity（CEC）,soil organic matter（SOM）and the contents of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium of the surface soil（0-20cm）were determined,with the forest soils as the control.Tea garden soil pH was shown to range from4.30 to 4.75,and soil pH of tea gardens in the Nannuo Mountains and of modern teagardens in the Jingmai Mountains was significantly higher than that of forest soils;and in the Bulang Mountains,soil pH of ancient tea arboretums was significantly higher than that of modern tea gardens.The CECof tea garden soil was significantly lower than that of forest soils.The SOM,total nitrogen（TN）,total phosphorus（TP）,alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen and available phosphorus（Olsen-P）contents of ancient tea arboretums were significantly higher than those of modern tea gardens of the three mountains,No consistent effects were detected of the age of tea planting on soil pH,CECand nutrient contents.The numbers of tea garden soil bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes were higher than the forest soil,and the total amounts of tea garden soil microorganisms appeared in the order of modern tea gardensancient tea arboretums,but the correlation was not significant between the quantities of the three types of soil microbes and nutrient contents of tea garden soil.Tea planting and the increase in tea garden age did not increase soil acidification,and tea garden soil acidification may be closely related to the level of soil potassium nutrition.Compared with modern terrace tea gardens,ancient tea arboretums have better microclimate environment,aproduction mode of lower intensity and lighter human interference of cultivation and management,which is the foundation for their sustainable utilization and microbial community diversity.