新疆阿克苏地区2009年-2014年流感病原学监测结果分析

Analysis of pathogenic surveillance results of influenza in Akesu area of Xinjiang during 2009-2014

目的分析新疆阿克苏地区2009年-2014年流感病毒流行情况,为科学有效地防控流感提供依据。方法采集阿克苏地区第一人民医院（流感监测哨点医院）流感样病例咽拭子标本,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测流感病毒核酸。结果 2009年-2014年,共采集流感样病例咽拭子样本2 965份,阳性314份,阳性率为10.59%;其中B型阳性110份,阳性率为3.71%,新甲型H1N1阳性123份,阳性率为4.15%;季节性H3阳性80份,阳性率为2.70%;季节性H1阳性1份,阳性率为0.03%。不同性别、不同民族流感病毒检出差异均无统计学意义。年龄以5岁-组（18.85%）阳性率最高。阿克苏地区2009年流感优势株是新甲型H1N1,2010年优势株是B型和季节性H3,2011年新甲型H1、B型、季节性H3呈现散发,2012年B型、新甲型H1、H3交替流行。2013年为新甲型H1和季节性H3散发。2014年新甲型H1、B型、季节性H3阶段性交替流行。结论每年11月-12月至次年3月是阿克苏地区流感高发期,应进一步加强监测。

Objective Analysing the epidemic situation of influenza virus in Akesu of Xinjiang from 2009 to 2014 in order to provide basis for the scientific and effective control of influenza. Methods Collecting the pharyngeal swab specimens from the First People＇s Hospital of Akesu（ Influenza monitoring hospital） and detecting influenza virus nucleic acid by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR method. Results From 2009 to 2014,2 965 influenza nucleic acid of pharyngeal swab specimens from flu like case throat swab samples were detected,and 314 of which were positive,with positive rate of 10. 59%; among 314 positive samples,110 were B type positive and positive rate was 3. 78%; 123 were new type A H1N1 positive and positive rate was 4. 15%; 80 were seasonal H3 positive and positive rate was 2. 70%; 1 was seasonal H1 positive and positive rate was0. 03%. There was no statistical significance on the difference in the detection of influenza viruses in different sex and in different ethnic groups. Positive rate in the group of 5 year old children was at the peak with 18. 85%. In Akesu,the dominant flu strain was H1N1 in 2009; the dominant flu strain was B type flu and seasonal H3 in 2010; new type A H1,B type,seasonal H3 had the dispersed trend in 2011; new type A H1,B type,seasonal H3 had alternative trend in 2012; new type A H1 and seasonal H3 had dispersed trend in 2013. In 2014 new type A H1,B type,seasonal H3 had periodic alternative trend. Conclusion The high incidence of influenza in Akesu was from November or December to March of next year,ans further monitoring should be strengthened.