论空间碎片损害赔偿的责任主体

On space debris damages compensation's responsibility subject

空间碎片造成的损害赔偿责任问题是国际空间法律体系发展中产生的一个新问题,现行国际空间法律对空间碎片仍未有明确的规定。其中,明确责任主体,是解决损害赔偿的关键。由于空间碎片的特殊性,在处理损害赔偿责任问题时不能照搬空间物体的责任规定。本文认为,对于可识别来源的空间碎片,其损害赔偿的责任主体是国家和国际组织,私人不能作为责任主体;对于不可识别来源的空间碎片,其损害赔偿责任主体可通过建立责任赔偿机制内化分配责任份额,锁定最有可能的责任主体。

The problem of liability for damage caused by space debris is a new problem in the development of international space law system. Yet the current international space law has not a clear treaty about liability for damages caused by space debris. So, to clear the liability subject is the key to solve damage. Given the special space debris, no same provisions of space object can be copied to solve damage. This paper argues that for identifiable sources of space debris, its liability is a state or an international organization, but private cannot be a liability; for unrecognized sources of space debris, its most possible liability is determined by establishing a market share system in the distribution of self-liability.