齐齐哈尔市2004-2014年人间布鲁氏菌病流行特征分析

Analysis of human epidemiology characteristic of brucellosis in Qiqihaer, 2004-2014

目的分析齐齐哈尔市布鲁氏菌病的流行特征,为制定布鲁氏菌病防治策略提供科学有效的依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对实验室确诊布病病例的时间分布、地区分布和人群分布的流行特征进行分析。结果齐齐哈尔市2004-2014年网上共报告实验室确诊病例20 044例,年均发病率为32.85/10万,无死亡病例。2004年发病数682例,发病率为12.48/10万;2014年发病数1 686例,发病率31.63/10万。第一个发病高峰是2005年,发病数2 027例,发病率35.45/10万;第二个发病高峰是2012年,发病数3 099例,发病率56.48/10万。发病月集中于3-7月。人间布病发病年龄最小9个月,最大92岁,各年龄组均有确诊布病病例,40~45岁组为发病高峰,以男性中青年为主,病例以农民为主。结论人间布病在齐齐哈尔市整体发病呈上升趋势,近两年有所下降。应进一步加强动物检疫,强化宣传教育、提高防护意识,可切实控制布病疫情。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of brucellosis and provide a scientific basis for its prevention and control in Qiqihaer. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyse the time distribution,geographical distribution and population distribution of laboratory-confirmed brucellosis cases. Results There were 20044 network reported laboratory-confirmed brucellosis cases from 2004-2014 in Qiqihaer and the annual incidence rate was32.85/100,000,with no deaths. There were 682 new cases,representing the incidence rate was 12.48/100,000 in 2004.Higher incidence rate was estimated in 2014（1686 new cases,31.63 /100,000）. The first peak incidence was in 2005 with the number of 2027 new cases and the incidence rate of 35.45 /100,000,and the second was in 2012 with the number of 3099 new cases and the incidence rate of 56.48 /100,000. The highest incidence was in March to July. The onset age of brucellosis ranged from 9 months to 92 years,reaching the peak at the age of 40-45 years,and the confirmed cases were of all age groups,middle-aged,male-dominated. As for occupation,peasants were reported to have higher incidence. Conclusion The overall incidence rate of brucellosis was on the rise in Qiqihaer,with a decline in nearly two years. In order to better control the brucellosis epidemic,animal quarantine should be encouraged,publicity and education should be strengthened,and awareness of protection should be raised.