承德市2008-2012年15岁以下儿童乙型肝炎监测分析

Children below 15 years old Hepatitis B monitoring analysis in Chengde city during 2008-2012

目的了解15岁以下儿童乙肝流行状况,掌握接种乙肝疫苗后儿童乙肝的防控效果,进一步探讨控制儿童乙肝的策略。方法对承德市2008-2012年间报告的15岁以下儿童新发乙型肝炎病例监测数据进行统计分析,采用描述流行病学方法分析儿童乙肝流行病学特征。结果 2008-2009年承德市15岁以下儿童乙型肝炎发病呈下降趋势,2010-2012年保持低发病水平,大年龄组发病率较小年龄组发病率偏高,差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.067,P<0.05),而且男性多于女性。结论 15岁以下儿童乙型肝炎的发病水平和乙肝疫苗的接种有关联,保持高水平的乙肝疫苗及时和全程接种率、提高免疫成功率是预防和控制乙肝流行的关键措施。

Objective To understand hepatitis B epidemic situation of children below 15 years old,master the development trend of hepatitis B after the vaccination,and to further discuss the strategy of controlling hepatitis B among children. Methods The monitoring data of reported hepatitis B new cases were analyzed by statistical ways among children below 15 years old during 2008- 2012 in Chengde city,and descriptive epidemiological methods were adopted in analyzing the prevalence of children＇s hepatitis B. Results There was a declining trend in the morbidity of hepatitis B with children below 15 years old from 2008 to 2009 in Chengde city,and it kept a lower morbidity from 2010 to 2012; the incidence in the elder children was higher than the younger ones,the difference was statistically significant（ χ2= 14. 067,P〈0. 05）,males higher than the females. Conclusions The incidence of hepatitis B is related to hepatitis B vaccine among children below 15 years old,keeping a high- level hepatitis B vaccine timely and completely,as well as improving the successful immune rate are the key measures of preventing and controlling hepatitis B.