有窗密闭式猪舍水空调技术夏季降温效果

Cooling Effect of Water Conditioner System on Enclosed Pig Barns in Summer

夏季高温严重影响母猪的繁殖性能和仔猪的成活率，蒸发降温方式因在降温的同时大幅增加舍内的湿度而影响使用效果。试验研究了北京地区有窗密闭式繁殖猪舍以地下饮用水为循环介质的水空调非蒸发降温系统的降温效果，并检测评价了水空调出水的水质变化及作为猪饮用水的适用性。结果表明：在舍外33～45℃的高温天气，安装水空调的试验猪舍在门窗开启的自然通风情况下舍内平均气温比舍外低4．2～11．3℃，比未安装舍的低1．2～2℃（P〈0．01），相对湿度高5．6％～7％；水空调出风口的风速1．24～2．10m／s，正对猪栏处风速0．13～0．23m／s；水空调舍内母猪的呼吸频率和直肠温度在低温和高温时段差异不显著（P〉0．05），有效降低了母猪在高温时段的热应激。经检测，水空调回水被轻微污染，不可直接作为猪饮用水，所以使用水空调需要定期清洗消毒。水空调降温单位面积运行电费（0．017元／m^2）低于湿帘—风机降温（0．039元／m^2）和民用制冷空调降温（0．157元／m^2）。因此，在地下水资源丰富的地区，水空调降温系统可以作为降温的有效手段之一。

High temperature in summer severely affects the sow reproductive performance and the survival rate of piglet. Evaporative cooling system affects the result because it increases the humidity while cooling. Water conditioner system, a non-evaporative cooling system using the underground water as the cooling medium, has potential advantage of cooling without increasing air humidity. We studied the cooling effect of this system in Beijing and evaluated the usability of conditioner backwater. The results showed that the temperature in the barn cooled with the water conditioner system was 4.2-11.3 ℃ lower than the outdoor air temperature （ 33-45 ℃） ,and 1.2-2 ℃ lower than that in barn without any cooling facilities （P〈0.01）, while the relative humidity inside was 5.6-7% higher than the non-cooling barn. The air speed at air outlet and the outlet right across barn of the water conditioner were 1.24-2.10 m/s and 0.13-0.23 m/s, respectively. Moreover, sows rectal temperature and respiratory frequency had no significant difference at 8 ： 30 and 14 ： 30 when cooled with water conditioner, showing that the heat stress of sows being relieved effectively. We also measured the conditioner＇s backwater quality and found that it was contaminated moderately. So regular clean and disinfection is essential if the backwater were returned directly to drinking system in barn. Moreover, we estimated the operation cost of different cooling methods and find that the water conditioner system （0. 017￥/m^2） was cheaper than the wetpad and fan cooling system （0. 039 ￥/m^2） or air conditioner （0. 157 ￥/m^2）. This experiment shows that the water conditioner system is an effective cooling method in small pig farms with rich underground water.