三维模型内部位移测试装置及其应用

An Internal Displacement Measurement Device for Three Dimensional Model and Its Application

为了获取岩体内部变形信息,研制出牵引式多点位移测量装置,并将其应用于三维模型试验内部位移量测。在3 600×2 000×2 000 mm(长×宽×高)的大型三维模型中3个不同层位共布设9个内部位移测点,同时在对应位置设置表面位移测点,开展模拟开采过程模型位移规律研究。试验表明,模型内部位移呈缓和的台阶状变化,随着工作面推进台阶阶高逐渐降低,它与模型表面位移的台阶状变化相对应;岩层稳定后,处于相同层位的内部测点最终位移基本相同,3个层位的内部测点的最终位移值分别为54、35、25 mm,同一层位的表面位移也基本相同,最终位移值分别为58、41、30 mm,内部最终位移值比表面最终位移值小7%~15%;同一层位岩层内部变形、表面变形同步变化,与工作面上覆岩层垮落和来压规律一致。该位移测量装置测量数据可靠,读数精度可达0.07 mm/°,安装和操作方便,为三模型试验内部变形测试提供了新的研究手段。

In order to capture the internal displacement of the three dimensional model,a pull-type multiple displacement measuring device was produced. Then it was used for an internal displacement measuring in a three dimensional model test. Size of the model is 3 600( L) ×2 000( W) ×2 000( H). Nine internal displacement measuring points were mounted in three levels of the model,and a surface displacement measuring point was simultaneously arranged to simulate the displacement law of model in construction. The results show that the internal displacement changed smoothly in a step-form,but the height of the displacement step decreases with the working face advancing,and it is corresponding to the step-form changing of model surface. Final displacements of the internal measuring points in the same layer are almost the same as they are 54,35 and 25 mm respectively. Meanwhile,the final surface displacements in the same layer are also nearly the same,and the final displacements of the three layers are 58,41 and 30 mm respectively. The final values of internal displacement are 7% ~ 15% less than that of the surface displacement. Changing rule of internal displacement and surface displacement curve is consistent with the law of the overlying strata caving and the pressure of the working face. The device is credible for its measuring accuracy reaches up to 0.07 mm / °. With a convenience installation procedure,the internal model displacement device is suitable for the three dimensional model testing and can provide a new approach for internal deformation testing.