氨氮胁迫对刺参生理健康指标的影响

Effects of Ammonia Exposure on Physical Health Parameters of Apostichopus Japonicus

研究了氨氮胁迫对刺参(Apostichopus japonicas)免疫和抗氧化指标的影响,氨氮染毒梯度设置为:对照组(自然海水)、0.5、1.25mg/L处理组,取样时间为0、2、6、12、24和48h,分别取刺参体腔液和体壁组织,测定体腔液总体腔细胞数量、凝集活性、溶菌和抗菌活力以及体壁、体腔液总抗氧化活力(TAOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、还原型/氧化型谷胱甘肽含量比值(GSH/GSSG)。结果表明:氨氮胁迫对刺参免疫和抗氧化指标影响显著(P<0.05),而对照组无明显变化。各处理组总体腔细胞数量、溶菌活力分别在48、12h内呈峰值变化,分别于12、6h达到最小值和最大值,然后恢复至对照组水平,各处理组抗菌活力、凝集活性随胁迫时间呈下降趋势,1.25mg/L染毒组抗菌活力在12h后明显低于对照组水平。各处理组体壁T-AOC、SOD活力和GSH含量、GSH/GSSG分别在48、12h内呈峰值变化,均于6h时达到最大值,分别于48h时和24h后显著低于或恢复至对照组水平;各处理组体腔液T-AOC、SOD活力和GSH含量实验时间内呈下降趋势,分别在6、12和6h后显著低于对照组水平,然后保持稳定,而GSH/GSSG与对照组无明显差异。由此可见,氨氮对刺参免疫和抗氧化指标具有明显的抑制效应,其中体壁、体腔液T-AOC、SOD活力和体腔液GSH含量表现出显著的时间-剂量效应,可作为刺参在氨氮胁迫下生理健康的评价指标。

The study was to evaluate the effects of ammonia on immune and antioxidant parameters of Apostichopusjaponicus.A.japonicus were exposed to three ammonia levels：0（control）,0.5,1.25mg/L for 48 hand sampled randomly at 0,2,6,12,24 and 48h,and then measured total coelomocyte counts（TCC）,lysozyme activity（LZM）,antimicrobial activity,agglutinating activity in coelomic fluid and total antioxidant capacity（T-AOC）,superoxide dismutase（SOD）activity,reduced glutathione content（GSH）and GSH/GSSG in body wall and coelomic.The results indicated that ammonia exposure had a significant effect on immune and antioxidant parameters of A.japonicus（P〈0.05）.TCC and LZM activity of the experimental groups decreased within 12 hor increased within 6hrespectively,then recovered to the control level.Antimicrobial activity of 1.25mg/L treatment group and agglutinating activity of all treatment groups reached to a low level after 12 and 24hrespectively.T-AOC and SOD activity in body wall increased within 6h,and decreased to a lower level than control at 48h（P〈0.05）.GSH content and GSH/GSSG in body wall reached to the maximum at 6h,and recovered to the control at 24 h,12hrespectively.T-AOC,SOD activity and GSH content in coelomic fluid decreased significantly at 12 h,and then became stable.T-AOC and SOD in body wall and T-AOC,SOD and GSH content in coelomic fluid had a negative correlation with exposure concentration.It showed that ammonia exposure had a significant inhibiting effect on immune and antioxidant parameters of A.japonicus.T-AOC,SOD activity in body wall and coelomic fluid and GSH in coelomic fluid had a significant does-time effect,and could be used as evaluation indexes for physical health during ammonia stress.