我国政府信息公开服务的非均等化——以行政收支信息透明度为例

On the Non-equalization of Public Service of Government Information in China:From the Perspective of Administrative Budget Information Transparency

政府信息公开已经成为重要的基本公共服务之一。本文利用上海财经大学2012年调研数据,分析了中国行政收支信息透明度状况,发现行政收支信息透明度不仅处于较低的位置,而且还存在区域间、部门间、事项间的差异化现象。基于三阶泰尔指数嵌套分解的结果显示:我国行政收支信息透明度的差异主要来自部门间,贡献率占到49.53%;其次是事项间,贡献率占到27.23%;再次是区域间,贡献率占到23.24%。进一步利用G·Fields分解等方法的分析发现,区域间差异并非来自周黎安(2008)提出的"经济发展差异假说",而要归因于各个省份偶发的人为制度安排因素;部门间差异更多取决于各个部门信息公开的工作属性特征,而非杨丹芳等(2012)提出的权势因素;事项间差异则主要来自制度性压抑下的明细信息供给不足。上述研究结论对未来提升行政收支信息透明度和促进政府相关公共服务均等化具有重要的参考意义。

Disclosure of government information has become one of the most important basic public services. The survey data of SHUFE in 2012 suggests that information transparency of China＇ s administrative expenditure not only lies in a low level but also varies widely across regions, departments as well as items. Using the three-stage nested decomposition of Theil index, it＇s found that the regional difference plays a decisive role in information transparency difference of administrative budget in China mainly comes from the regional difference, which accounts for 49.53% in it, while the inter-department difference follows with a percentage of 27.23% and the inter-item difference of 23.24% at last. Further analysis with G ~ Fields decomposition method denies the hypothesis put forward by Zhou Li＇ an that economic inequity results in public service inequity and the power theory proposed by Yang Danfang et al. It seems that the regional difference may be partly due to the occasional institutional arrangement of various provinces and the inter- department difference can be partly due to their different job attributes on information disclosure and the inter-item should be partly due to the lack of detailed information under the institutional repression. The above conclusion has significant reference for the future to promote the transparency level and equalization of public service.