广东省一般人群血镉水平分析

Analysis of blood cadmium level in general population of Guangdong Province

目的 调查广东省一般人群血镉水平,分析其人群分布特点。方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取广东省三水、湛江、连州和饶平4个地区2927名6~92岁一般人群为调查对象,采集其肘静脉血,采用电感耦合等离子体-质谱法测定血镉,对血镉的地区、性别和年龄分布情况进行分析。结果 广东省一般人群血镉的中位数（M）和四分位数间距分别为0.923和1.137μg/L,正常参考值上限为5.383μg/L;其中170人（占5.81%）血镉水平超过职业接触生物限值（5.000μg/L）。4个地区人群血镉M从高到低依次为：连州地区〉三水地区〉饶平地区〉湛江地区（1.539vs1.062vs0.774vs0.653μg/L,P〈0.01）。男性血镉水平高于女性（0.949vs0.918μg/L,P〈0.01）。不同年龄组人群血镉水平比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;随着年龄的增加,高血镉率增高（P〈0.01）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,性别、年龄和地区是高血镉发生的独立影响因素（P〈0.01）,男性、年龄较高以及连州地区的人群发生高血镉的风险较高。结论 广东省一般人群血镉水平相对较高,并具有地区、性别和年龄分布差异。

Objective To investigate the blood cadmium（ Cd） level in the general population of Guangdong Province in order to analyze its distribution features of the population. Methods Totally 2 927 general people aged 6-92 years from 4districts（ Shanshui,Zhanjiang,Lianzhou and Raoping） of Guangdong Province were selected by multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method as the investigation subjects,and their elbow peripheral vein blood samples were collected to determine the blood Cd level by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The distribution features of blood Cd in different district,gender and age groups were compared and analyzed. Results The median and quartile range of Cd in the blood were 0. 923 and 1. 137 μg / L respectively and the upper limit of normal reference value for blood Cd was 5. 383 μg / L.The blood Cd levels of 170 people were exceeding the occupational exposure biological limit（ 5. 000 μg / L） and that accounts for 5. 81%. The median blood Cd showed statistical significant difference among 4 districts（ P〈0. 01）,and the medians from high to low were 1. 539（ Lianzhou）,1. 062（ Sanshui）,0. 774（ Raoping） and 0. 653 μg / L（ Zhanjiang）respectively. The average blood Cd level of male（ 0. 949 μg / L） was higher than that of female（ 0. 918 μg / L）（ P〈0. 01）. There was significant difference in blood Cd levels among different age groups（ P〈0. 01） and the high blood Cd rate increased with the increase of age（ P〈0. 01）. Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the gender,age and district distribution were independent risk factors of high blood Cd rate（ P〈0. 01）. The male,older people and the people living in Lianzhou district were observed to have higher blood Cd levels. Conclusion The blood Cd level in general population of Guangdong Province was relatively high. There were differences in district distribution,gender and age.